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Biomed > Divisions Of The Nervous System > Flashcards

Divisions Of The Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

What does caudal refer to?

A

Bottom of nervous system

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2
Q

What does dorsal refer to?

A

Back

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3
Q

What does ventral refer to?

A

Front

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4
Q

What does medial refer to?

A

Down midline

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5
Q

What does lateral refer to?

A

Down side

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6
Q

What does proximal refer to?

A

Close to

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7
Q

What does distal refer to?

A

Far away from

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8
Q

What does rostral refer to?

A

Further forward in brain

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9
Q

What does ipsi and contra refer to?

A 
Ipsi = same
Contra = opposite
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10
Q

3 divisions of the nervous system?

A

Central nervous system
Peripheral nervous system
Enteric nervous system

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11
Q

Central nervous system contains?

A

Spinal cord and brain

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12
Q

Peripheral nervous system consists of?

A

Nerves and cell bodies to and from brain and Spinal cord

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13
Q

Enteric nervous system consists of?

A

Neural cells of the viscera(gut)

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14
Q

How many pairs of peripheral nerves in PNS?

A

43

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15
Q

What are the 2 types of peripheral nerves?

A

Cranial and spinal

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16
Q

Define peripheral nerves
What do they contain, what don’t they?

Most are…?
Some are…?

When an axon is wrapped and bundle = called a?
(what is it that bundles them?)

all surrounded by what?

A

Bundles of individual neuron processes (axons)
Contain axons, NOT dendrites
No neuronal cell bodies

Most are mixed = sensory input and output and have motor and sensory role
Each Axon is wrapped and bundled = FASCICLES
Some myelinated by Schwann cells
All surrounded by endoneurium
Bundled by perineurium into fascicles

17
Q

What is a fascicle?

A

A bundle of axons, formed by perineurium

18
Q

Cranial nerves
How many pairs?
Which ones run to where?

A 
12 pairs
Sensory, mainly motor or mixed
1 and 2 run from forebrain 
3-12 run from brainstem
9 - connection to spinal cord
10 - vagus nerve = 80% output from PNS here
19
Q

Spinal nerves
How many pairs?
Branches are called?
Define dermatomes

A

All nerves are mixed
5 sets of pairs
Spinal nerve branches = RAMI
dermatomes = patterns of innervation of the spinal nerves – helps to identify sites of damage

20
Q

Divisions of PNS

A

Somatic = conscious
Afferent - pain
Efferent - skeletal muscle

Visceral = unconscious
Afferent - cardiovascular system
Efferent - autonomic nervous system = sympathetic and parasympathetic branches, enteric

Both have afferent and efferent

21
Q

Autonomic vs. Somatic efferents

A

Somatic - motor axons go straight to muscles

Autonomic - motor Axon > ganglion > muscle/gland

22
Q

Pre ganglion and post ganglion axons

-which is myelinated??

A

Pre- ganglion axons are myelinated

Post are not

23
Q

Where Are Sympathetic ganglia?

A

Near spinal cord

24
Q

Where are parasympathetic ganglia?

A

Close to targets

1 pre : 4 post ganglionic

25
Q

What forms the sympathetic chain?

A

Paravertebral ganglia

26
Q

Some ganglia are closer to the target cells. What are these called?

A

Prevertebral ganglia (lie between paravertebral ganglia and target organ)

27
Q

What is the ratio of pre : post ganglionic for sympathetic branch??

What is the ratio for pre: post ganglionic cells for parasympathetic?

A

1: 20
1: 4

28
Q

What is the word for direct to target??

A

Adrenal

29
Q

Are Sympathetic pre ganglionic fibres long or short??

A

Short

30
Q

Are paraSympathetic pre ganglionic fibres long or short??

A

Long

31
Q

What NET and receptor do both sympathetic and paraSympathetic use?

A

Acetylcholine

N2 receptor

32
Q

Is the sympathetic post-ganglionic adrenergic or cholinergic?

A

Adrenergic – adrenaline or noradrenaline

33
Q

Is the parasympathetic post-ganglionic adrenergic or cholinergic?

A

Cholinergic – acetylcholine

So drugs affect different branches

Biomed (23 decks)

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