DIVISION 06: Woods Flashcards
The classification of wood which comes from conifers (evergreens) which have needles instead of leaves.
e.g. PINE
Softwoods
The classification of wood which comes from the broad-leaved or deciduous trees.
e.g. Timber
Hardwoods
The layer of wood which lies between the cambium and the heartwood. It is more permeable, less durable and usually lighter in color than the heartwood.
Sapwood
It is the older, harder central portion of a tree. It is denser, less permeable and more durable than the surrounding layer.
Heartwood
The property of wood which is measured by the compression which a piece of timber undergoes when a weight is applied to it.
Hardness
The property of wood which pertains to the amount of piece will bend before breaking.
Flexibility
Caused by the attack of fungi.
Decay
Cracks or lengthwise separation across the annual rings of growth caused by irregular shrinkage during drying.
Checks
Cracks between and parallel to the to the annual rings of the growth.
Shakes
Irregular growth in the body of a tree which interrupt the smooth curve of the grain.
Knots
These are well-defined openings between annual rings containing solid and liquid pitch
Pitch pockets
The lock of wood on the edge of the corner of a piece.
Wane
Wood defect which is caused by unequal shrinkage of the board.
Warping
It refers to lumber cut tangent to the annual rings or growth or in commercial practice, cut with annual rings at an angle of 0° to 45°; preferable when pleasing pattern is required, as in wall paneling.
Plainsawing
It refers to wood cut radially to the annual rings of growth parallel to the rays or, in commercial practice, cut with the annual rings at an angle of 45° to 90°; desirable because it has less shrinkage.
Quartersawing
Wood used in construction.
Lumber
Lumber less than 2” thick and less than 8” wide.
Strips
Lumber less than 2” thick and at least 8” wide.
Board Lumber
Lumber more than 2” thick and less than 5” in any dimension.
Dimension Lumber
Lumber pieces 5” or more on the smallest dimension.
Timbers
It is the size of the lumber when it is cut from the log.
Nominal Size
The process of removing moisture from greenwood is called _________.
Seasoning
A process of “seasoning” in which the lumber is exposed to the air.
Air-drying
A process of “seasoning” in which warm moist air or superheated steam is used to heat the wood and drive out moisture.
Kiln-drying
It is used to forestall attack by decay, fungi, harmful insects and marine marine borers in woods.
Wood preservatives
An oil-type wood preservative made from distilling coal tar; it is highly toxicity to wood-destroying organisms; strong in odor, cannot be painted, easily ignited during when first applied.
Coal-tar creosotes
It gives protection against decay, insects and fire; can be painted; has no objectionable odor; cannot be used in contact with the ground or water.
Chromated zinc chloride
Water-borne wood preservative
Water-borne wood preservatives which are dissolved in water for pressure treating, producing a product that is clean and odorless. Undergoes a chemical process known as “fixation”.
Chromated Copper Arsenate (CCA)
Ammoniacal Copper Arsenate (ACA)
A method of applying wood preservative which consists in placing the wood in cylinders into which the preservative is pumped under pressure.
Pressure treatment
A method of applying wood preservative which consists first in placing the wood in a bath of hot and cold preservative for an hour or more.
Hot and cold bath method
Are those products made from a mixture of wood and other materials.
Wood composites
The most common wood composite. Made of several thin plies, or veneers of wood glued together.
Plywood
Plywood thickness for double wall partitions and ceilings
3/16” thk (4.5mm)
1/4” thk (6mm)
Plywood thickness for drawers and shelves.
3/8” thk (10mm)
1/2” thk (12mm)
3/4” thk (19mm)
Plywood thickness for cabinets, closet doors, and sub floors.
1” thk (25mm)
Types of Plywood:
Ordinary Plywood
Form Plywood
Marine Plywood
Fancy Plywood
This is a paneling material made by reducing and refining wood chips into small, thread-like fibers, and then pressing them under heat in hydraulic pressure into dense, smooth, and very rigid panels; Cheaper option than plywood.
Hardboard
4’ x 8’ (1220mmX2440mm)
1/8” (3mm); 3/16’ (4.5mm); 1/4” (6mm)
Plain, textured, perforated surface
Type of hardboard which is flexible and easy to bend. Only suitable for interior use and where it is not subject to moisture.
Standard hardboard
Type of hardboard which is somewhat denser than the standard but not as dense as tempered.
Panel hardboard
Type of hardboard which is the densest type, made by impregnating standard board with tempering compound of oils and resins and baking it polymerize the tempering materials; ideal for external use.
Tempered hardboard
Brand names of Hardboard:
LAWANIT standard and tempered boards - Philippine Wallboard Corp.
LAWANEX panel boards - Philippine Wallboard Corp.
MASONITE standard, panel and tempered hardboard
Made by bonding together wood particles with an adhesive under heat and pressure to form a rigid board with a relatively smooth surface, often faced with veneer.
Chipboard
2’x4’ (600mmX1220mm) , 4’x4’ (1220mmX1220mm) , 4’x8’ (1220mmX2440mm)
1/4” thk (6mm) to 1” thk (25mm)
chipboard which is widely used for self-assembly furniture, work surfaces, wall linings and partitions.
Veneered Chipboard
chipboard used as a basis for the carcasses of kitchen furniture, worktops, and flooring.
High-density chipboard
Finishing materials made from vegetable fibers such as corn and sugarcane stalks pressed into sheets; not very strong but has good insulating properties; it is usually used for ceiling only.
Fiberboard
4’x8’ (1220mmX2440mm)
3/16” thk (4.5mm); 1/4” thk (6mm); 1/2” thk (12mm); 3/4” thk (19mm)
Is manufactured from wood, straw, bagasse pulp pressed into boards with or without holes or slots.
Acoustic fiber board
1/2” - 2” thk (12mm to 50mm) in 1/2” (12mm) increments
Brand names of fiber boards:
CELOTEX, CANEX, HOMASOTE, PHILTEX, BONOTEX
Non-combustible building board with a gypsum core enclosed in tougfh, smooth paper. It is designed to be without addition of plaster for walls, ceilings or partitions; “dry wall construction”-where plaster is eliminated.
Gypsum board
Brand names for Gypsum board:
BORAL distributed by Riviera Home Improvements Inc.
ELEPHANT by A.V.D Marketing
Type of gypsum board used to save space; used as a base in a multi-ply construction of self-supporting (studless) gypsum walls.
Coreboard
Gypsum board for use in fire-rated assemblies.
Type-X Gypsum board
This type of gypsum board used in fire protection and bracing of exterior frame walls.
Gypsum Sheathing
This type of gypsum board used as a permanent form in the castling of gypsum concrete roof decks.
Gypsum formboard
This board is comprised of 72% portland cement, 20% mineralized cellulose fibers derived from recycled materials, and 8% calcium carbonate.
Fiber-cement board
Board made of small wood chips and base materials including cotton stalk, rice straw, bagasse, conventional wood chips and sawdust that have been pressed and glued together.
Particle board
Consist of finished lumber which is further cut and processed at a lumber mill. It includes doors, windows, mouldings, trim and other ornamental forms of wood.
Millwork
How to purchase lumber from a hardware
Even numbers in feet
Shortest lumber length in the market
8’
For lumbers, which is not available in the market
1”x1”x12’
Which is not a substrate for plastic laminates? MDF Chipboard Gypsum Plywood
Gypsum
Which has no melamine form? MDF Plywood Compact board Hardboard
Hardboard
Estimate number of plywood boards for a 3m X 6m ceiling
7
Which is not a commercial thickness of plywood? 3/8 5/8 3/16 1/2
5/8”
Which commercial material is applicable for exterior walls? 3/4" MDF 1" Plywood 1/2" Gypsum board 1 5/8" Float glass
1” Plywood
A vendor for termite protection Termicide Mapecon Pestiway Termacons
Mapecon
What is the best material to create a v-joint? Particle board Hardiflex Plywood MDF
Plywood
