Diverticulitis Flashcards
Define acute diverticulitis
Refers to inflammation of the diverticula (an outpouching of the colonic mucosa)
Acute diverticulitis most commonly affects which part of the colon
Sigmoid colon
Acute diverticulitis most commonly affects the sigmoid colon however right sided may be found in which patient group?
Those of Asian descent
What are the two types of acute diverticulitis
Simple
Complicated
What is simple diverticulitis
Diverticulitis without abscess or perforation
What is Complicated diverticulitis
Diverticulitis with either abscess or perforation present
Describe the pathophysiology of diverticula
An aging bowel naturally becomes weakened over time.
The movement of stool within the lumen will cause an increase in luminal pressure resulting in outpouchings of the mucosa through the weakened areas of bowel wall.
Describe the pathophysiology of simple diverticulitis
An aging bowel naturally becomes weakened over time.
The movement of stool within the lumen will cause an increase in luminal pressure resulting in outpouchings of the mucosa through the weakened areas of bowel wall.
Bacteria can overgrow within the outpouchings, leading to inflammation of the diverticulum (simple diverticulitis)
Describe the pathophysiology of complicated diverticulitis
An aging bowel naturally becomes weakened over time.
The movement of stool within the lumen will cause an increase in luminal pressure resulting in outpouchings of the mucosa through the weakened areas of bowel wall.
Bacteria can overgrow within the outpouchings, leading to inflammation of the diverticulum (simple diverticulitis)
These inflamed outpouchings can perforate leading to diffuse peritonitis (complicated diverticulitis)
What are the two key risk factors for diverticulitis
Low fibre diet
Advancing age
What are some of the clinical features of acute diverticulitis
- Acute abdominal pain
- Left lower quadrant (may be in the right in some Asian patients)
- Sharp
- Worsened by movement
- Systemic upset
- Pyrexia
- Nausea/vomiting
- Decreased appetite
- Signs of peritonism (if perforated)
What are the two gold standard investigations for diverticulitis
Colonoscopy
CT abdomen and pelvis
What blood tests will be raised in diverticulitis
Raised inflammatory markers e.g. CRP, WCC
What is the name of the classification system for diverticulitis based on CT findings
Hinchey Classification
What is the Hinchey Classification
Classification system for diverticulitis based on CT findings