Diversity stuff to know Flashcards
1
Q
animal
A
- Animal: latin ‘animalus’ = having breath
o Don’t make own food, multicellular, eukaryotic, heterotrophic, motile, lack cell walls
o Metazoans (other word for animal)
2
Q
disparity
A
morphological diff between various taxa
o What makes each phylum different
o Must be more closely
3
Q
diversity
A
: having diff forms/tupes
o Actual # of species/groups/taxa
o Variety of life forms
count``
4
Q
goals of animal diversity
A
- Reconstruct the phylogeny of life → origin of key characteristics
- Understand the processes that lead to and maintain the diversity of species (and the adaptations) through time
- Evolution, taxonomy, ecology and animal architecture
- What makes groups the same vs different
- New science, conservation
5
Q
biodiversity
A
- RF Dasmann in 1968, EO Wilson in 1988, founding fathers
- Variety of diff life forms on earth and variation of species
o Total genes, species and ecosystems of a region
o Taxonomic: # of species
o Ecological: # of ecosystems (community), habitat important to each species
o Morphological: genetic diversity - Important for conservation
6
Q
biodiversity hotspots
A
- Many species existing in the same area
- Lots of resources, good climate to make animals able to coexist
- Mostly endemic species (nowhere else on earth)
- Threat to human disturbance
- Ex. Madagascar
7
Q
invertebrates
A
- Everywhere, in every phylum
- ~97% of named animals
- over 2mil
- ~34 phyla
8
Q
key points with taxonomy
A
- Taxa (singular taxon) – organisms in the rank
o All of the taxa of kingdom animilia
o All the taxa of class cephalopoda
o Binomial name: genus species or genus sp.
o Systematics: species are grouped based on evolutionary relatedness
• Evolutionary descent
• Descendants share key features
9
Q
phylogeny
A
- Uses organismal characters
o Morphological, developmental (embryological), genetic/molecular, fossil - Similar characters can be:
o Homoplasy → not related but have a similar function, no common ancestor, convergent evolution
o Homology → common ancestor, all descendants have trait, what we WANT - Common ancestors and descendants = clade
o Derived trait from common ancestor
10
Q
- Synapomorphy
A
that they have a specific trait that all in the group has
o Ex. mammals having hair
11
Q
- Monophyletic group
A
what we want!
o No one let behind, all descendants included
12
Q
paraphyletic
A
contains some but not all of descendants
o Ex. bony fish → everything is bony fish but vertebrates are not included
13
Q
polyphyletic
A
no recent common ancestor, no evolutionary origin
14
Q
how should we think about evolution
A
- Not a linear progression → complex tree
- Over 600 million years, most common ancestors are probably extinct
- All animals are well adapted into their niches
15
Q
evolution
A
- It was originally thought that evolution was very simple and linear
- It is actually branching evolution: all that is alive today has had a common ancestor
