Diversity of living things Flashcards
Explain what the binomial name of an organism means and state the major rules for writing binomial names.
WE ITALIANS UNDERLINE HANDWRITING, WIRTE THE GENUS FIRST AND CAPITALIZED BUT NEVER THE EPITHET.
Binomial nomenclature is a formal naming system of naming species by giving them a specific name.
The two-part name must be written in italics.
When handwritten it must be underlined.
The Genus name is always written first.
The genus name must be capitalized.
the epithet is never capitalized.
Given a list of taxa or classification groups; e.g. domain, phylum, kingdom, genus, etc., be able to rank them from broadest to most specific, in terms of the relationships between organisms.
domain kingdom phylum class order family genus species
Identify the three domains of life proposed by Dr. Carl Woese and colleagues and describe, in general terms, the type of organisms belonging to each domain.
Bacteria
classified as prokaryotes (single cell organisms)
lack nucleus
DNA freely floats or compressed in nucleoid region
Archaea
classified as prokaryotic
molecular characteristics separating them from bacteria
Eucarya
cells contain a nucleus and other membrane bound organelles
plants, fungi and protists
both single and multicellular
Explain the differences and similarities between the prokaryotes & the eukaryotes
Eukaryotic Share Prokaryotic Larger and more complex Fungi, Plants, Protists, Animals Multicellular Membrane Nucleus Nuclides Golgi Apparatus REPR SEPR Cell Wall (some) Membrane bound organelles Chloroplasts
DNA Cytoplasm Ribosomes Membrane Versailles
smaler Bacteria Archaea Cell Wall (most) Unicellular Nucleoid Region No Membrane bound organells
Describe the characteristics of a virus.
6 answers
they can mutate
acellular
no cytoplasm
no cellular organelles
no metabolism duplicate using the host cells metabolic machinery
vast majority possess either DNA or RNA but not both
Compare virus reproduction (Lytic cycle vs Lysogenic cycle)
lytic cycle
phage replicates
lyses the host cell
environmental stressors to exercise enter in lytic cycle
lysogenic cycle
phage DNA is incorporated in host genome
virus is passed through generations
Distinguish between the types of morphology of Bacteria and Archaea (spherical, rod, spiral)
spherical
limbs ball shape
rod
longer thin shaped
spiral
helical shape
Compare habitats of the Archaea (extremophiles) and Bacteria (mesophiles)
Archaea (extremohilies)
extreme environments
hydrothermal vents terrestrial hot springs
Bacteria (mesophiles)
every habitat on earth
not as resistant as archaea
Define and explain the endosymbiotic theory
eukaryotic cells where occe prokaryotic microbes
mitochondria and chloroplasts are the same size as prokaryotic cells and divide by binary fission
Mitochondria has their own DNA which is circular, not linear
escribe the main difference(s) between asexual and sexual life cycles.
Asexual reproduction
involves one parent and produces offspring that are identical to each other and the parent.
sexual reproduction
two haploid gametes join in the process of fertilization to produce a diploid zygote
Describe the changes that must have happened for aquatic plants to survive on land.
alternation of generations
sporangium spores form
gametanium produces haploid cells
apical meristem tissue in roots and shoots
Explain the purpose of a fruit (from the point of view of an angiosperm).
to protect seeds during development of it.
Distinguish between monocots and dicots (eudicots).
monocots
grass, grass like flowering plants
seeds of which typically contain only one embryonic leaf
dicots
flowering grass
two embryonic seeds
Explain the major difference between a fungus and a plant.
fungus
chitin as component of cell walls instead of cellulose
acquire nutrition from soil
plants
presents of chlorophyll
plants need photosynthesis
Explain the major difference between how a fungus and an animal digests their food.
fungus digestion
External digestion
release enzymes into food
digest externally
animal digestion Extracellular digestion secreting enzymes through their cell membrane onto food enzymes break down food into molecules internally allow molecules to enter cells
