Diversity of Cells and Their Function Flashcards
What must you do in order to see the microscopic slide?
Add a stain to the slide
What 2 types of dyes are there and describe them?
Haematoxylin - basic dye, purple, has affinity for acidic molecules - nucleus or ribosomes
Eosin - acidic dye, affinity for basic molecules, pink/red - cytoplasm
What are the 4 basic tissue types?
Epithelium
Nervous tissue
Connective tissue
Muscle
Describe epithelium?
It covers the surfaces of the body and lines hollow organs
Also forms glands
Occur as sheets of cells
Descrive connective tissue?
It forms the framework of the body
Has a dynamic role in development, growth and homeostasis of tissues and via fat, in energy storage
Describe muscle?
There are 3 major kinds in the body
They are specialised to generate force on contraction
Describe nervous tissue?
Consists of neurones and their supporting cells
Has a control function and allows for rapid communication between different parts of the body
What are some common features of epithelia?
Adhesion between the epithelial cells is strong, forming sheets of cells
All have at their basal surface a layer of extraceulluar matrix components called basal lamina to which cells are attached
They are all non-vascular, nutrients etc diffuse from capillaries across the basal lamina
Give an example of an organ that epithelia forms?
The liver
What are the functions of the epithelia?
Mechanical barrier - skin Chemical barrier - lining of the stomach Absorption - intestine Secretion - salivary gland Containment - urinary bladder Locomotion - by cilia
What are the 3 different shape types of epithelia?
Squamous - flattened
Columnar - like a column
Cuboidal - cube shaped
Describe the different layer types of epithelia cells?
Simple - one layered
Stratified - two or more layers
Pseudostratifed - tissue appears to have more than one layer but in fact all cells are in contact with the basal lamina
What are 3 different specialisation that might be found on/in epithelia?
Prominent microvilli (brush border)
Cilia
Presence of layers of keratin proteins on the tissue surface
Presence of Goblet cells - single cell mucous glands
What are goblet cells
Single celled mucous glands
What do glandular epithelia produce?
Secretory products - sweat, milk, oil, hormones, mucous, enzymes and others
What are the 2 different glands?
Endocrine glands
Exocrine glands
Describe exocrine glands?
Product secreted towards the apical end of the cell, either into the lumen of an internal space into a duct or onto the body surface.
Termed ducted glands
Describe endocrine glands?
product secreted toward the basal end of the cell (end sitting on basal lamina), then distributed by the vascular system throughout the body.
Termed ‘ductless’ glands.
(characteristics: No ducts lots of capillaries)
What are the 3 types of connective tissue?
Soft connective tissue
Hard connective tissue
Blood and lymph
Give an example of soft connective tissue?
Tendons, ligaments, mesentery
Give an example of hard connective tissue?
Bone and cartilage
What does connective tissue consist of?
Extracellular matrix
Cells
The type of connective tissue is determined by the amounts of these two components
What does the extracellular matrix in the CT consist of?
Fibres - collagen, reticular and elastic fibres
Ground substance - GAGs most of which re bound to protein cores to form glycoproteins
Tissue fluid
What do the cells in the CT consist of?
Fibroblasts
Adipose cells
Osteocytes
Chondrocytes
