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LC Principles Histology > Diversity of Cells and Their Function > Flashcards

Diversity of Cells and Their Function Flashcards

1
Q

What must you do in order to see the microscopic slide?

A

Add a stain to the slide

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2
Q

What 2 types of dyes are there and describe them?

A

Haematoxylin - basic dye, purple, has affinity for acidic molecules - nucleus or ribosomes

Eosin - acidic dye, affinity for basic molecules, pink/red - cytoplasm

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3
Q

What are the 4 basic tissue types?

A

Epithelium
Nervous tissue
Connective tissue
Muscle

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4
Q

Describe epithelium?

A

It covers the surfaces of the body and lines hollow organs
Also forms glands

Occur as sheets of cells

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5
Q

Descrive connective tissue?

A

It forms the framework of the body

Has a dynamic role in development, growth and homeostasis of tissues and via fat, in energy storage

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6
Q

Describe muscle?

A

There are 3 major kinds in the body

They are specialised to generate force on contraction

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7
Q

Describe nervous tissue?

A

Consists of neurones and their supporting cells

Has a control function and allows for rapid communication between different parts of the body

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8
Q

What are some common features of epithelia?

A

Adhesion between the epithelial cells is strong, forming sheets of cells

All have at their basal surface a layer of extraceulluar matrix components called basal lamina to which cells are attached

They are all non-vascular, nutrients etc diffuse from capillaries across the basal lamina

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9
Q

Give an example of an organ that epithelia forms?

A

The liver

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10
Q

What are the functions of the epithelia?

A 
Mechanical barrier - skin 
Chemical barrier - lining of the stomach 
Absorption - intestine 
Secretion - salivary gland
Containment - urinary bladder
Locomotion - by cilia
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11
Q

What are the 3 different shape types of epithelia?

A

Squamous - flattened
Columnar - like a column
Cuboidal - cube shaped

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12
Q

Describe the different layer types of epithelia cells?

A

Simple - one layered
Stratified - two or more layers
Pseudostratifed - tissue appears to have more than one layer but in fact all cells are in contact with the basal lamina

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13
Q

What are 3 different specialisation that might be found on/in epithelia?

A

Prominent microvilli (brush border)
Cilia
Presence of layers of keratin proteins on the tissue surface

Presence of Goblet cells - single cell mucous glands

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14
Q

What are goblet cells

A

Single celled mucous glands

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15
Q

What do glandular epithelia produce?

A

Secretory products - sweat, milk, oil, hormones, mucous, enzymes and others

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16
Q

What are the 2 different glands?

A

Endocrine glands

Exocrine glands

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17
Q

Describe exocrine glands?

A

Product secreted towards the apical end of the cell, either into the lumen of an internal space into a duct or onto the body surface.
Termed ducted glands

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18
Q

Describe endocrine glands?

A

product secreted toward the basal end of the cell (end sitting on basal lamina), then distributed by the vascular system throughout the body.
Termed ‘ductless’ glands.

(characteristics: No ducts lots of capillaries)

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19
Q

What are the 3 types of connective tissue?

A

Soft connective tissue
Hard connective tissue

Blood and lymph

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20
Q

Give an example of soft connective tissue?

A

Tendons, ligaments, mesentery

21
Q

Give an example of hard connective tissue?

A

Bone and cartilage

22
Q

What does connective tissue consist of?

A

Extracellular matrix
Cells

The type of connective tissue is determined by the amounts of these two components

23
Q

What does the extracellular matrix in the CT consist of?

A

Fibres - collagen, reticular and elastic fibres
Ground substance - GAGs most of which re bound to protein cores to form glycoproteins
Tissue fluid

24
Q

What do the cells in the CT consist of?

A

Fibroblasts
Adipose cells
Osteocytes
Chondrocytes

25
Q

What are fibroblasts?

A

Produce and maintain the extracellular matrix

26
Q

What are adipose cells?

A

Fat cells found scattered in many CT cells

27
Q

What are osteocytes?

A

Cells of bone

28
Q

What are chondrocytes?

A

Cells of cartilage

29
Q

What are the two types of soft connective tissue?

A

Loose and dense

30
Q

Describe loose CT?

A

Loosely packed fibres separated by abundant ground substance.
Cells are relatively plentiful

E.g mesentery

31
Q

Describe dense CT?

A

Densely packed bundles of collagen fibres.

32
Q

What 2 further types of CT can you get?

A

Dense regular CT - if fibres are aligned - tendon

Dense irregular CT - if the fibre bundles run in many directions (dermis of the skin)

33
Q

What are the 3 types of cartilage?

A

Hyaline
Elastic
Fibrocartilage

34
Q

Describe hyaline cartilage?

A

Most common
Found - articular surfaces, tracheal rings, costal cartilages, epiphyseal growth plates

contain chondrocytes and cartilage matrix

35
Q

Describe bone?

A

Outer - cortical bone makes up the shaft and diaphysis

Inner- cancellous or trabecular bone (spongy bone) inside

36
Q

What living cells do bone specifically contain?

A

Osteocytes

37
Q

What is the force produced by in muscle?

A

Actin and myosin fibres

38
Q

What are the 3 different types of muscle?

A

Cardiac
Smooth
Skeletal

39
Q

Describe smooth muscle?

A 
In-voluntary 
Not striated (smooth)
Visceral - predominantly found in the organs

Elongated spindle shaped cells, cigar shaped nucleus lies near the centre of each fibre

40
Q

Describe skeletal muscle?

A

Voluntary
Striated (looks striped)
Muti-nulceated cylindrical cells

41
Q

Describe cardiac muscle?

A

From the major part of the walls of the heart
Single nucleus
Striated - less prominent
Involuntary

Contain intercalated discs

42
Q

What does nervous tissue consist of?

A

Neurones and support cells (glia)

43
Q

What is nervous tissue surrounded by?

A

Connective tissue (coat)

Meninges for CNS
Epinerium for PNS

44
Q

What are the 3 types of neurones?

A

Bipolar neurone
Unipolar neurone
Multipolar neurone

45
Q

What do astrocytes do?

A

Support, ion transport

46
Q

What do oligodendrocytes do?

A

Produce myelin

47
Q

What do microglia do?

A

Provide immune surveillance

48
Q

What are 3 different principle Glia of the CNS?

A

Astrocytes
Oligodendrocytes
Microglia
Schwann

49
Q

What do schwann cells do?

A

Produce myelin and support axons

LC Principles Histology (3 decks)

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