diversity of cells and their function

Question 1

what colour does Haematoxylin stain acidic molecules

Answer 1

purple

Question 2

what does Eosin stain basic molecules

Answer 2

pink

Question 3

what does epithelium do

Answer 3

cover surfaces of the body, line hollow organs and form glands - it is also non-vascular

Question 4

what backs the epithelium

Answer 4

a basal lamina (basement membrane) - thin layer of specialised extracellular material between the basal surface of epithelial cells and the underlying tissue

Question 5

what are cells in the epithelium

Answer 5

polarised

Question 6

apical

Answer 6

faces the lumen of a tube or the external environment

Question 7

basal

Answer 7

attaches to the basement membrane

Question 8

name the functions of the epithelium

Answer 8

• mechanical barrier
• Chemical barrier
• Absorption
• Secretion
• Containment
• Locomotion

Question 9

squamous

Answer 9

flattened

Question 10

cuboidal

Answer 10

cube

Question 11

columnar

Answer 11

tall and thin

Question 12

simple

Answer 12

one layer

Question 13

stratified

Answer 13

2+ layers

Question 14

pseudostratified

Answer 14

multiple layers, all in contact with basal lamina

Question 15

what are the cell/ tissue surface specialisations

Answer 15

• Microvilli
• Cilia
• Keratinized

Question 16

endocrine:

Answer 16

product secreted towards basal end of cell and distributed by vascular system - ductless

Question 17

exocrine:

Answer 17

product secreted towards apical end of cell - ducted

Question 18

name some soft connective tissues

Answer 18

tendons, ligaments

Question 19

soft connective tissue loose

Answer 19

loosely packed fibres separated by ground substance

Question 20

soft connective tissue dense

Answer 20

densely packed bundles of collagen fibres

Question 21

Dense regular:

Answer 21

fibres aligned

Question 22

dense irregular

Answer 22

fibre bundles run in many directions

Question 23

hard connective tissue

Answer 23

Strong, flexible, compressible, semi-rigid tissue

Question 24

what are the 3 types of cartilage

Answer 24

• hyaline, elastic, fibrocartilage

Question 25

Outer shell of cortical bone makes up shaft

Answer 25

diaphysis

Question 26

ancellous/trabecular bone occupies ends

Answer 26

epiphyses

Question 27

what do muscles do

Answer 27

generate force by contraction

Question 28

what is force

Answer 28

the movement of actin fibres over myosin fibres

Question 29

Smooth muscle:

Answer 29

involuntary, non-striated

Question 30

cardiac:

Answer 30

involuntary, striated, single nucleus at centre of fibre

• Has intercalated discs - contain many intracellular junctions for stability

Question 31

Skeletal muscle:

Answer 31

voluntary, striated, multinucleated

Question 32

what does the nervous tissue consist of

Answer 32

neurons and their supporting cells (glia)

Question 33

explain more about the nervous tissue

Answer 33

it is the Control function and allow for rapid communication between different parts of the body

Question 34

what surrounds the nervous tissue

Answer 34

• Surrounded by connective tissue coat
  
  • Meninges in CNS
  • Epineurium in PNS

Question 35

oligodendrocytes:

Answer 35

produce myelin

Question 35

astrocytes:

Answer 35

provide support, involved in ion transport

Question 36

microglia:

Answer 36

immune surveillance

Question 37

Schwann cells:

Answer 37

produce myelin and support axons