diversity of cells and their function Flashcards
what colour does Haematoxylin stain acidic molecules
purple
what does Eosin stain basic molecules
pink
what does epithelium do
cover surfaces of the body, line hollow organs and form glands - it is also non-vascular
what backs the epithelium
a basal lamina (basement membrane) - thin layer of specialised extracellular material between the basal surface of epithelial cells and the underlying tissue
what are cells in the epithelium
polarised
apical
faces the lumen of a tube or the external environment
basal
attaches to the basement membrane
name the functions of the epithelium
- mechanical barrier
- Chemical barrier
- Absorption
- Secretion
- Containment
- Locomotion
squamous
flattened
cuboidal
cube
columnar
tall and thin
simple
one layer
stratified
2+ layers
pseudostratified
multiple layers, all in contact with basal lamina
what are the cell/ tissue surface specialisations
- Microvilli
- Cilia
- Keratinized
endocrine:
product secreted towards basal end of cell and distributed by vascular system - ductless
exocrine:
product secreted towards apical end of cell - ducted
name some soft connective tissues
tendons, ligaments
soft connective tissue loose
loosely packed fibres separated by ground substance
soft connective tissue dense
densely packed bundles of collagen fibres
Dense regular:
fibres aligned
dense irregular
fibre bundles run in many directions
hard connective tissue
Strong, flexible, compressible, semi-rigid tissue
what are the 3 types of cartilage
- hyaline, elastic, fibrocartilage
Outer shell of cortical bone makes up shaft
diaphysis
ancellous/trabecular bone occupies ends
epiphyses
what do muscles do
generate force by contraction
what is force
the movement of actin fibres over myosin fibres
Smooth muscle:
involuntary, non-striated
cardiac:
involuntary, striated, single nucleus at centre of fibre
- Has intercalated discs - contain many intracellular junctions for stability
Skeletal muscle:
voluntary, striated, multinucleated
what does the nervous tissue consist of
neurons and their supporting cells (glia)
explain more about the nervous tissue
it is the Control function and allow for rapid communication between different parts of the body
what surrounds the nervous tissue
- Surrounded by connective tissue coat
- Meninges in CNS
- Epineurium in PNS
oligodendrocytes:
produce myelin
astrocytes:
provide support, involved in ion transport
microglia:
immune surveillance
Schwann cells:
produce myelin and support axons
