Diversity in plant cells 2.6.5

Question 1

Name 5 specialised plant cells

Answer 1

• Palisade
• Guard
• Root hair
• Xylem
• Phloem

Question 2

How is the palisade cell adapted to its function?

Answer 2

• Contain many chloroplasts - to absorb large amounts of light needed for photosynthesis
• Cells are rectangular box shapes which can be closely packed to form a continuous layer
• Thin cell walls, increasing the rate of diffusion
• Large vacuole, maintains turgor pressure

Question 3

How is a root hair cell adapted to its function?

Answer 3

• Long extensions, which increase the surface area of the cell. This maximises the uptake of water and minerals from the soil.

Question 4

How is a guard cell adapted to its function?

Answer 4

• The cell wall is thicker on one side, so the cell does not change shape symmetrically as its volume changes
• As they lose water, they become less swollen and change shape - which closes the stomata.

Question 5

How is the xylem adapted to its function?

Answer 5

• Lose their end walls which forms a long hollow tube - creating cohesive forces within the xylem
• Become strengthened by lignin, providing strength and support.