Diversity in Organizations - Emotions and Moods Flashcards
Diversity in Organizations: 2 Levels
Definition of diversity management
Diversity management is the process and programs by which managers make everyone more aware of and sensitive to the needs and differences of others.
Diversity management: implications for managers
- Understand the country’s legal framework and your organization’s anti-discrimination policies thoroughly and share them with your employees.
- Assess and challenge your stereotype beliefs to increase your objectivity.
- Look beyond readily observable biographical characteristics and consider the individual’s capabilities before making management decisions.
- Fully evaluate what accommodations a person with disabilities will need and then fine-tune a job to that person’s abilities.
- Seek to understand and respect the unique biographical characteristics of your employees; a fair but individualistic approach yields the best performance.
Definition of Affect
Defined as a broad range of feelings thaht people experience. Affect can be experienced in the form of emotions or moods.
Definition of emotions
- Caused by specific event
- Very brief in duration (seconds or minutes)
- Specific and numerous in nature (many specific emotions such as anger, fear, sadness happiness, disgust, surprise)
- Usually accompanied by distinct facial expressions
- Action oriented in nature
Definition of moods
- Cause is often general and unclear
- Last longer than emotions (hours or days)
- More general (two main dimensions - positive affect and negative affect - thaht are composed of multiple specific emotions)
- Generally not indicated by distinct expressions
- Cognitive in nature
Sources of Emotions and Moods
- Personality: Moods and emotions have a trait component, Affect intensity - How strongly people experience their emotions
- Time of Day: There is a common pattern for all of us. Happier in the midpoint of the daily awake period.
- Day of the Week: Happier toward the end of the week.
- Weather: Illusory correlation – no effect.
- Social Activities: Physical, informal, and dining activities increase positive moods.
- Stress: Even low levels of constant stress can worsen moods.
- Sleep: Poor sleep quality increases negative affect.
- Exercise: Does somewhat improve mood, especially for depressed people.
- Age: Older people experience fewer negative emotions.
- Sex: Women tend to be more emotionally expressive, feel emotions more intensely, and express emotions more frequently than do men.
What is emotional labor?
An employee’s expression of organizationally desired emotions during interpersonal transactions at work.
Emotional dissonance occurs when employees have to project one emotion while simultaneously feeling another
Emotion regulation?
Involves identifying and modifying the emotions you feel
Effective emotion regulation techniques include:
- Acknowledging rather than suppressing emotional responses to situations
- Re-evaluating events after they occur
- Venting
- Mindfulness
Takes effort but beneficial for well-being.
What is Emotional Intelligence? Author and date of publication.
EI is a person’s ability to
- Perceive emotions in the self and others
- Understand the meaning of these emotions
- Regulate one’s emotions
“Emotional Intelligence” in 1995 by Daniel Goleman, psychologist and science journalist.
EI: Contreversial Discussion
Pro EI vs Contra EI
- Pro EI:
- Intuitive appeal
- Predicts criteria that matter
- Is biologically-based
- Contra EI
- Researchers do not agree on definitions - too vague as a concept
- Can’t be measured
- Is nothing but personality with a different label
Emotion and Mood: Implication for managers
- Use humor and praise to increase employees’ positive moods
- Being in a good mood oneself can result in more positivity and better cooperation
- Selecting positive team members can have an emotional contagion effect
- Encourage positive displays of emotion, which make customers feel more positive and thus improve customer service interactions and negotiations
- Be careful not to ignore co-workers’ and employees’ emotions; do not assess others’ behavior as if it were completely rational
AET: Affective Event Theory. Implications?
