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Z ESA 3- HPHD > Diversity and Stereotypes > Flashcards

Diversity and Stereotypes Flashcards

1
Q

What is true of different groups of people?

A
  • Different health problems
  • Different lifestyles and behaviours that impact on health
  • Want different types of health services
  • Hold different health beliefs
  • Engage in different health behaviours
  • Have different health needs
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2
Q

What do the different health beliefs held by different groups of people impact?

A

How they interact with the health service

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3
Q

What must sometimes be done to ensure equality of treatment?

A

Treat patients differently

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4
Q

What are the duties laid out regarding diversity and stereotypes in Good Medical Practice?

A
  • Must treat patients fairly and with respect, whatever their life choices and beliefs
  • Must not unfairly discriminate against patients by allowing your personal views to affect adversely your professional relationship with them, or the treatment you provide or arrange
  • This is a legal requirement, not just good practice
  • Must treat colleagues fairly and with respect
  • Need to be aware of how your own values, beliefs, and stereotypes about different groups may impact on your treatment of patients and interactions with colleagues
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5
Q

What factors must you not discriminate against?

A
  • Patients age
  • Colour
  • Culture
  • Disability
  • Ethnic or national origin
  • Gender
  • Lifestyle
  • Marital or parental status
  • Race
  • Religion or beliefs
  • Sex
  • Sexual orientation
  • Social or economic status
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6
Q

What does Good Medical Practice say regarding a doctors personal beliefs?

A

You are allowed to have personal beliefs, but must still provide a good standard of care

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7
Q

What must be done to provide a good standard of care when it goes against your personal beliefs?

A
  • Must explain to patients if you have a conscientious objection to a particular procedure
  • Must tell them about the right to see another doctor, and make sure they have enough information to exercise this right
  • In providing this information, you must not imply or express disapproval of the patients lifestyle, choices, or beliefs
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8
Q

What must you do to ensure you are treating your colleagues fairly and with respect?

A
  • Must not bully or harrass them
  • Must not unfairly discriminate against them by allowing your personal views adversely affect your professional relationship with them
  • Should challenge colleagues if their behaviour does not comply with guidance
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9
Q

What will you not be expected to do as a doctor in order to provide good health care?

A

Agree with patients, or approve of them

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10
Q

What must you do as a doctor in order to provide good health care?

A

Understand patients and respect their rights

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11
Q

What are stereotypes?

A

Generalisations we make about specific social groups, and members of those groups

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12
Q

Are stereotypes correct?

A

Often broadly correct, but erroneous

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13
Q

What can’t be assumed with stereotypes?

A

Every member conforms to the stereotype

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14
Q

Why do stereotypes occur?

A

Due to how we store memories and organise knowledge

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15
Q

What model of psychology are stereotypes related to?

A

Cognitive model

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16
Q

How does the cognitive model of psychology say that knowledge is stored?

A

As mental representations, organised in schemata

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17
Q

What are schemata?

A

Groups of related information

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18
Q

What is the result of the way knowledge is stored, according to the cognitive model of psychology?

A

Make assumptions on new situtations based on information the brain has built up

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19
Q

What is the function of stereotypes?

A
  • Save ‘processing power’
  • Environment is more predictable
  • Allow anticipation
  • Avoids ‘information overload’
20
Q

What is the problem with stereotypes?

A

Makes sense of the world, but may not take into account diversity

21
Q

Why do members of a group get organised into schemata?

A

Because they share some characteristics

22
Q

What are the problems with schemata?

A
  • ‘Shortcut’ overlooks diversity
  • Have the tendency to remain unchanged, even in the face of contradictory information
  • Prone to emphasis on negative traits
23
Q

What are stereotypes a form of?

A

Social schemata

24
Q

What are groups a source of?

A

Self-identities and self-esteem

25
Q

Why do we assign people to categories?

A

To help understand social environment

26
Q

Why do we assign ourselves to categories?

A

As a form of social identification

27
Q

How do we act when we assign ourselves to a category?

A

Conform to the norms of the group- act the way you think members of your group should act

28
Q

What is the effect of social comparison?

A

It builds self-esteem

29
Q

What is the result of social comparison building self esteem?

A

People are more likely to focus on negative attributes of people from other social groups, and positive attributes of people in their own

30
Q

Why does social comparison building self esteem result in people focusing on negative attributes of other groups?

A

In order to maintain self esteem, our group has to compare favourably to others

31
Q

What can negative stereotypes lead to?

A

Prejudice

32
Q

What component are stereotypes?

A

Cognitive

33
Q

What component in prejudice?

A

The evaluate and affective component

34
Q

What does prejudice represent?

A

The emotional response/attitudes

35
Q

What is pre-judgement often based on?

A

Negative stereotypes

36
Q

What component is discrimination?

A

The behavioural component

37
Q

What is discrimination?

A

Behaving differently with people from different groups because of their group membership

38
Q

What studies have shown that stereotypes can have an unconscious impact?

A
  • Wittenbrink 2004
  • Cooper et al 2012
39
Q

What happened in the Wittenbrink study?

A

Police played video game to see if they would shoot depending on ethnic background. Told to shoot armed targets;

  • Made decision to shoot armed target more quickly if black
  • After extensive exposure to game, eliminated racial bias
40
Q

What did the Cooper et al study look at?

A

Patient ethnicity and clinical communication

41
Q

When are we more likely to rely on stereotypes?

A
  • Under time pressure
  • Fatigued
  • Suffering from information overload
42
Q

What can help challenge stereotypes?

A
  • Getting to know members of other groups
  • Reflective practice
43
Q

Why can reflective practice help challenge stereotypes?

A

Can be honest and open to work through stereotypes

44
Q

What is meant by social cognition?

A

Compliance, conformity, and group behaviour

45
Q

What is behaviour influenced by?

With regards to social cognition

A

Social and cognitive processes we may not be aware of

46
Q

Who is susceptible to social cognition?

A

All human beings

Z ESA 3- HPHD (7 decks)

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