Diversity Flashcards
Four basic elements of culture
How is culture symbolic?
Interventions for language barrier
Learned- It is socially transmitted
Integrated- If one part changes, other parts will change
Symbolic-signs, sounds, clothing, tools, customs, beliefs, rituals, language
Shared- People who grow up in a particular culture often have shared values, beliefs, ideals, and expectations.
Always verify understanding.
What is enculturation
When does enculturation begin?
How does it occur
process of learning culture
Begins at birth
consciously and unconsciously
Social determinants of health (SDOH) are the conditions in the environments where people are ________ that affect a wide range of______ and risks.
born, live, learn, work, play, worship, and age
health, functioning, and quality-of-life outcomes
Generalizations are
Nurses should consider that
conclusions from many factors.
differences are invariably present among individuals within cultures
Stereotype
generalization about all members of a group
Leads to an unwillingness obtain information about an individual.
Eg. All single parent families are of low income
Prejudice
Prejudice results from ethnocentrism which assumes that
- Negative attitude toward an entire category of people, often an ethnic or racial minority
- One’s own culture and way of life represent the norm or are superior to all others
Discrimination
treating someone unequally based on a perceived difference
Health disparity
higher burden of illness, injury, or mortality
Health care disparity
Differences in
* Environment
* Access to, utilization of, and quality of care
* Health status
* Health outcomes.
________socially constructed concept that tends to group people by common descent, heredity, or physical characteristics.
Race
Racism
race determines a person’s character or ability
One race is superior than another
black patients were less likely than whites to receive analgesia for acu
Ethnicity
person’s identification with or membership in a particular racial, national, or cultural group
Acculturation
Example of language aculturation
Accepts some aspects of a new culture without loosingng your own.
Eg. Pidgin English
language, technology, food, clothing, music,
Assimilation
one cultural group merge with or blend into a second group.
________ is the tendency to view one’s own culture as superior and to use one’s own standards and values in judging outsiders
Ethnocentrism
Socialization
What are the levels of socialization
the process of learning to behave in a way that is acceptable to society:
Family, school, church, community
Describe family
Describe community
basic unit of society in all cultures
Common interest and identity
Rituals
formal, stylized, and repetitive actions performed in special places at special times.
Be aware of their beliefs and feelings
support for patients
Transcultural nursing
What should nurses do?
Based on the differences and similarities between beliefs and values.
Respect
Incorporate into treatment plans
Be culturally open
Cultural competence
Cultural sensitivity
Understand,embrace and operate within the differences.
Recognition and respect differences
How does culturally congruent care promote the health and well-being of individual people or groups
It uses uses culturally based knowledge to create sensitive, creative, safe, and meaningful health care experiences.
Multidimensional Cultural Competencies
Knowledge, awareness, sensitivity
competence.
Balancing multiple cultures
Patient’s
Nurse
Health care delivery system culture
Giger and Davidhizar Transcultural Assessment Model
Communication- how feelings, ideas, decision-making, and strategies are expressed
Environmental
Social orientation
Space
Time
Biologic
In some Asian cultures, it is considered disrespectful to ________ with individuals of authority because doing so implies equality
Make eye contact
Assessments:Biologic
Skin color
Skin color varies in conditions such as jaundice, pallor, and some rashes
In dark people examine buccal mucosa, lips, tongue, nail beds, and palms of the hands
Gender in societies
Decision making may be left to men.
Time orientation
Past
Present
Future
Past
Examples of groups
traditional approaches to health and healing
Present
Examples
Here and now. Dont embrace preventive
may not see
They dont see the benefit of adhering to medical regimens when they are not symptomatic
African Americans and Hispanics
Future
Middle class Americans
Delay immediate gratification if it affects future plans
speak of events in relationship to the future and stick to a schedule of
Nutritional needs
Islamic or Orthodox Jewish background
role of food in a culture, food rituals, common foods and spices, dietary limitations, and nutritional deficiencies
Islam and Jewish- Dont eat pork
Galanti: 4 Cs of a Culture
Call
Cause
Cope
Concern
Kosher diet
Orthodox and Jewish
Jehovah’s witness
Blood transfussion
Seventh-Day Adventists
Meat
Caffeine
Alcohol
Tobacco
What is culture?
What is the diference between culture and ethnicity?
customary beliefs, customs, practices and behaviour.
Shared genetics, historical and geographic traits.
Providing culturally congruent care means providing care that
Fits the patient’s valued life patterns and set of meanings.
Lactose intolerance is frequently observed among
native North
American Indians
African Americans
Asians, Africans, and Hispanics
TB- living in reservations
individuals
Hypertension
Jewish clients who follow a Kosher diet will avoid
Ensure presence of ______Buddhists
meat from carnivores, pork products, and fish
without scales or fins
Vegetables.
collectivistic cultures that value group reliance and interdependence
Asians, Hispanics, and Africans
caring behaviors require actively providing physical and psychosocial support for family or community members.
LEARN MNEMONIC during cultural assessment.
L Listen to the patient’s perspective
E Explain and share one’s own perspective
A Acknowledge differences and similarities between these two perspectives
R Recommend a treatment plan
N Negotiate a mutually agreed-on treatment plan
