Diversity Flashcards
Today’s workforce is gender-balanced and multiethnic.
True
This permanent shift toward a _______________ means organizations needs to make diversity management a central component of their policies and practices.
diverse workforce
- Demographics mostly reflect ____________________, not thoughts and feelings, and can lead employees to perceive one another through stereotypes and assumptions.
surface level diversity
2 Levels of Diversity
Surface level
Deep Level
evidence has shown that as people get to know one another, they become less concerned about demographic differences if they see themselves as sharing more important characteristics, such as personality and values, that represent ____________
deep-level diversity
Individual differences in _______________________ shape preferences for rewards, communication styles, reactions to leaders, negotiation styles, and many other aspects of behavior in organizations
personality and culture
Although diversity does present many opportunities for organizations, effective diversity management also means
working to eliminate unfair dicsriminations
_____________________ is to note a difference between things, which in itself isn’t necessarily bad.
To discriminate
b. Noticing one employee is more qualified for making hiring decisions, and noticing another is taking on leadership responsibilities exceptionally well is necessary for making promotion decisions.
True
____________ assumes everyone in a group is the same.
unfair discrimination
Some forms, like ______________, are especially hard to root out because they are impossible to observe and may occur simply because the actor isn’t aware of the effects of his or her actions.
exclusion or incivility
Whether intentional or not, discrimination can lead to serious negative consequences for employers, including reduced productivity and citizenship behavior, negative conflicts, and increased turnover.
True
Unfair discrimination also leaves qualified job candidates out of initial firing and promotions.
True
_______________________ is one of the primary factors that prevent diversity, whether the discrimination is overt or covert.
Discrimination
Recognizing _______________ can lead to an effective diversity management program and ultimately to a better organization.
diversity opportunities
_______________ can refer to any characteristic that makes people different from one another.
workplace diversity
Biographical characteristics such as ______, ______,________,_______, and ____________ are some of the most obvious ways employees differ.
age, gender, race, disability, and length of service
The relationship between _________________ is likely to be an issue of increasing importance during the next decade for many reasons.
age and job performance
The workforce is aging
true
They see a number of positive qualities older workers bring to their jobs, such as ______, _____, ______. . But older workers are also perceived as lacking flexibility and resisting new technology.
experience, judgment, a strong work ethic
The younger you get, the less likely you are to quit your job.
False, the older you get*
In general, older employees have higher rates of avoidable absence than do younger employees. However, they have equal rates of unavoidable absence such as sickness absences.
False, lower rates of avoidable absence*
Satisfaction tends to continually increase among professionals as they age, whereas it falls among nonprofessionals during middle age and then rises again in the later years.
True
Combatting ________________________________ may be associated with higher levels of organizational performance.
age discrimination
There are no consistent male-female differences in problem-solving ability, analytical skills, competitive drive, motivation, sociability, or learning ability.
True
Once on the job, men and women may be offered a similar number of developmental experiences, but females are___________ to be assigned challenging positions by men, assignments that may help them achieve higher organizational positions.
less likely
Women who succeed in traditionally male domains are perceived as ______________________ as supervisors.
less likeable, more hostile, and less desirable
Working mothers also face “_________________” by employers, meaning that they often are not considered for new positions after they have children, and both men and women face discrimination for their family caregiving roles.
maternal wall bias
Research has shown that workers who experience the worst form of overt discrimination, sexual harassment, have higher levels of psychological stress, and that these feelings in turn are related to lower levels of organizational commitment and job satisfaction, and higher intentions to leave.
True
_______ is a controversial issue.
Race
_______ the biological heritage people use to identify themselves; ______ is the additional set of cultural characteristics that often overlaps with race.
race ; ethinicity
- Race and ethnicity have been studied as they relate to employment outcomes such as hiring decisions, performance evaluations, pay, and workplace discrimination.
True
With the passage of the ______________________________________, representation of individuals with disabilities in the U.S. workforce rapidly increased.
Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) in 1990,
workers with disabilities receive higher performance evaluations, whether or not the evaluations would be considered objective.
true
individuals with disabilities tend to encounter higher performance expectations and are less likely to be hired.
false, lower performance expectations
____________________ are prevalent for individuals with mental disabilities
Negative employment situations
Tenure, Religion, Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity, and Cultural Identity
Other Biographical Characteristics
_________ expressed as work experience, appears to be a good predictor of employee productivity.
tenure
c. Studies consistently show seniority to be negatively related to __________
absenteeism
___________ can be an employment issue when religious beliefs prohibit or encourage certain behaviors.
Faith
Federal law does not prohibit discrimination against employees based on sexual orientation, though many states and municipalities do.
True
Many people carry a _____________, a link with the culture of family ancestry or youth that lasts a lifetime, no matter where the individual may live in the world
strong cultural identity
Cultural norms influence the workplace. Organizations must adapt.
True
_____ is an individual’s current capacity to perform the various tasks in a job.
Ability
Overall abilities are made up of two sets of factors: ____, ____
intellectual and physical
_________________abilities needed to perform mental activities – thinking, reasoning, and problem solving.
Intellectual Abilities
Most societies place a ______ value on intelligence, and for good reason.
high
Smart people generally earn more money and attain higher levels of education and are more likely to emerge as members of groups
False, leaders of groups
seven most frequently cited dimensions making up intellectual abilities are
number aptitude, verbal comprehension, perceptual speed, inductive reasoning, deductive reasoning, spatial visualization, and memory.
Intellectual dimensions are positively related.
true
they are high enough that researchers also recognize a general factor of intelligence ___________
general mental ability (GMA)
The importance of ability obviously creates problems when we attempt to formulate workplace policies that recognize diversity in terms of ________________________
disability status
it is discriminatory to make _____________________ about people on the basis of a disability.
blanket assumptions
__________________________________makes everyone more aware of and sensitive to the needs and differences of others.
Diversity management
- One method of enhancing workforce diversity is to
target recruiting messages to specific demographic groups underrepresented in the workforce.
