Diuretics

Question 1

Diuretics are medications that..

Answer 1

increase renal excretion of water, sodium and other electrolytes, thereby increasing urine formation and output

Question 2

diuretics are used in the management of what conditions?

Answer 2

Edematous: HF, renal disease and hepatic disease

non-edematous: HTN, opthalmic surgery

Question 3

nephron is the functional unit of the kidney and it functions via three processes

Answer 3

glomerular filtration, tubular reabsorption, tubular secretion

Question 4

daily minimum urine output is?

Answer 4

400 ml to remove normal amounts of metabolic end products

Question 5

general characteristics of diuretics

Answer 5

• act on kidney to decrease reabsorption of:

- sodium, chloride, water and other substances

Question 6

major subclasses of diuretics are?

Answer 6

• thiazide and related diuretics
• loop diuretics
• potassium sparing diuretics

Question 7

_______ diuretic is preferred when rapid diuretic effect is necessary or when renal impairment is present

Answer 7

Loop

Question 8

_______ diuretic may be used concurrently to prevent or manage hypokalemia

Answer 8

potassium-sparing

Question 9

Loop diuretics mechanism of action

Answer 9

act directly on the ascending limb of the loop of henle to block chloride and sodium reabsorption

Question 10

one drug effect with loop diuretics is the depletion of

Answer 10

potassium and sodium

Question 11

one metabolic adverse effect that may be caused by loop diuretics is

Answer 11

hyperglycemia

Question 12

loop diuretics interact with ______ drugs and cause___

Answer 12

NSAID’s and may decrease the reduction of vascular resistance

Question 13

Furosemide

Answer 13

-most commonly used loop diuretic

Question 14

when giving an IV injection of furesomide administer over _____
and when administering high-dose furosemide continuous IV infusions given at a rate of

Answer 14

• 1-2 minutes

- 4 mg/min a less

Question 15

potassium sparing diuretics are also known as ______ and some examples are

Answer 15

-aldosterone inhibiting diuretics (amilodride, spironolactone, trimaterene

Question 16

potassium sparing diuretics mechanism of action:

Answer 16

• work in collecting ducts and distal convoluted tubules
• interfere with sodium-potassium exchange
• competitively bind to aldosterone receptors
• block reabsorption of sodium and water usually induced by aldosterone secretion

Question 17

how to prevent and manage potassium imbalances (HYPOKALEMIA)

Answer 17

hypokalemia is cardiotoxic event- prevent when possible by:

• low dosing of diuretics
• using supplemental potassium, potassium sparing diuretics
• increase food intake of potassium
• restrict dietary sodium intake

Question 18

how to prevent and manage potassium imbalances

HYPERKALEMIA

Question 19

two adverse effects from thiazide and thiazide like diuretics

Answer 19

• photosenstivity

- hyperglycemia

Question 20

teach pts to eat foods high in _____ when taking diuretics

Answer 20

potassium (expect when taking potassium sparing diuretics)
foods high in potassium: bananas, oranges, dates, apricots, raisins, broccoli, green beans, potatoes, tomatoes, meats, fish, wheat bread & legumes

Question 21

pts taking digoxin along with diuretics should watch for _____

Answer 21

digoxin toxicity

Question 22

pts with diabetes mellitus who are taking a thiazide or loop diuretic should be told to monitor_____ and watch for _____

Answer 22

told to monitor blood glucose and watch for elevated levels