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Sem 5 Pharm > Diuretics > Flashcards

Diuretics Flashcards

1
Q

Name 6 common nephrotoxic drugs

A 
ACE Inhibitors
Penicillins
NSAID's
Metformin
Cyclosporin A
Aminglycosides (gentamycin etc)
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2
Q

What 4 drugs are indicated for heart failure?

A

A- ACE inhibitor (eg Lisinopril)
B- B blocker
C- Candesartan
D- loop & thiazide diuretic, Spironolactone (for its anti-aldosterone effects)

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3
Q

Why is Spironolactone indicated in heart failure?

A

not for its diuretic effects but for its anti-aldosterone effects

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4
Q

What 5 drugs are indicated in hypertension?

A 
Thiazide diuretics
Spironolactone
(loop diuretics)
ACE Inhib/ARB
B blockers
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5
Q

What two drugs are indicated in decompensated liver disease (with regards to oedema)?

A

Spironolactone

Loop diuretics

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6
Q

What is the mechanism of Loop Diuretics?

A

Block NKCC2 in the thick ascending limb of loop of henle

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7
Q

Name two loop diuretics

A

Furosemide

Bumetanide

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8
Q

Name a side effect of Furosemide

A

ototoxicity

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9
Q

Name a side effect of Bumetanide

A

Myalgia

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10
Q

Name 4 indications for Loop Diuretics

A

Oedema
Hypertension
Severe hypercalcaemia
Acute pulmonary oedema

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11
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Thiazide diuretics?

A

Blocks NaCl transporter (NCCT)

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12
Q

Name 2 positives of thiazide diuretics

A

better in osteoporosis

less potent

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13
Q

Name 3 side effects of thiazide diuretics

A

Hypokalaemia
Gout
Erectile Dysfunction

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14
Q

Why are thiazide diuretics better in osteoporosis?

A

As there is less reuptake of Na, there is less Na in the cell. Therefore leads to more movement of Na into the cell, in place of Ca (therefore more uptake of Ca)

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15
Q

Name 2 ENaC blockers

A

Amiloride

Triameterene

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16
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Amiloride?

A

block epithelial Na channel

Usually used alongside K losing diuretics

17
Q

Name 2 potassium sparing diuretics

A

Spironolactone (aldosterone antagonist)

Amiloride (ENaC blocker)

18
Q

Name two side effects of Spironolactone

A

hyperkalaemia

painful gynaecomastia

19
Q

What is the best diuretic for primary hyperaldosteronism, ascites, oedema? Or when other drugs havent worked for HTN?

A

Spironolactone

20
Q

Name 2 carbonic anhydrase inhibitors

A

Acetazolamide

Methazolamide

21
Q

Name 4 indications for Carbonic Anhydrase inhibitors

A

glaucoma
epilepsy
altitude sickness
diuretics

22
Q

Name 4 indications for Mannitol

A

Glaucoma
Cerebral oedema
Kidney failure with low urine output
To increase elimination toxins

23
Q

Name 2 side effects of Carbonic Anhydrase inhibitors

A 
Metabolic acidosis (due to increased HC03- loss)
Risk of renal stones due to increased HCO3- in the urine
24
Q

Through what mechanism can lithium have a diuretic effect?

A

inhibits ADH release

Sem 5 Pharm (10 decks)

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