Diuretics Flashcards
Thiazides
Site of action
Action
Prec
DCT
Impairs Na and Cl reabs
K depleting
Thiazides
Enhance what
Other effect
Na and h20 excretion
Peripheral vasodilation
Thiazides
Anesthesia concerns
Low k, low cl, low mg, muscle weakness, potentiates muscle relaxants, nephropathy. Inc risk dig toxicity. Fluid vol status
Furosemide When diuresis begins Dose Extensive \_\_ \_\_ Excreted by what
2-10 min after
0.1-1 mg/kg (give 1 mg)
Protein binding
Glom filt and renal tubular sec
Furosemide
Uses
Reduces 2
Mobilization of edema fluids periph vasodil precedes onset of diuresis. Reduces ICP, dec venous return
Furosemide
Used to tx hyper___ bc they __ absorption
If oliguric give what
Hypercalcemia, inhib absorption
0.1mg/kg for oliguria
Lasix SE Low: Potentiated Toxicity risk, w what Decreases Cross reac w
Hypokalemia and chloremia. Pot NDMR. Enhances nephrotoxic risk when given w aminoglyc and cephalosporin. Dec renal clearance of lithium. Cross reac w lithium
Mannitol
Clearance
What it is
How it acts
GFR
6 carbon sugar hexose
Renal tubular fluid osmolarity increases, water/na/cl/bicarb excreted
Mannitol
Effect on plasma and risk of what
Inc plasma osmolarity. Draws from ic to ec space. Inc iv volume, issue w poor lv func can cause pulm edema
Mannitol
How its given
Clearance
IV,doesnt enter cells
100% by gf none reabsorbed
Mannitol uses
4
Dx oliguria
Prophylaxis ARF
Reduces ICP and IOP
Mannitol dose
When effects start, last
0.25-1 g/kg iv
10-15 min
2 hrs
Mannitol
Anesthesia concerns
Pulm edema
Hypovolemia
Electrolyte changes
K sparing diuretics 2
Na ch blockers (triamterene) Aldosterone antag (spironolactone)
Triamterene
Site of action
Action
Collecting duct. Na ch block, non competitive antag of aldosterone
Triamterene
Precautions
Combo with what, why
Can cause hyperkalemia
Use w hctz to avoid hypo/hyperkalemia
Sprionolactone
Action
Inc reabs of na and h20 and sec k, inc volume and bp
Aldosterone
Type of antagonist
Primarily indic for
Competitive
HF, ascites, low renin htn, low k, conns syndrome
Aldosterone
__ diuretic
Weak
Diamox
Class
MOA
Carbonic anydrase inhib. Cataluzes h and bicarb release from co2 and h20. H excreted in exchange for na, bicarb abs w na
Diamox
Indic
Increases amt of what in urine
Glaucoma, altitude sickness, ICP
Bicarb, na, and water
