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Cardio I - Cardio Eval - HTN Meds > Diuretics > Flashcards

Diuretics Flashcards

1
Q

MOA

A

Work to OPTIMIZE fluid volume in the body ==> optimize PRELOAD to reduce AFTERLOAD

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2
Q

What are the 4 common classifications of diuretics?

A

Thiazides diuretics
Loop diuretics
Potassium-sparing diuretics
Aldosterone antagonist diuretics

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3
Q

Which classification of diuretics is the most commonly prescribed?

A

Thiazide diuretics

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4
Q

What are the names of some common thiazide diuretics?

A

Chlorothalidone (Thalitone)
Hydrochlorothiazide (Microzide)
Metolazone (Zaroxolyn)

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5
Q

What are the names of some common loop diuretics?

A

Furosemide (Lasix)
Torsemide (Demadex)
Bumetanide (Bumex)

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6
Q

What are the names of some common K+-sparing diuretics?

A

Triamterene (Dyrenium)

Amiloride (Midamor)

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7
Q

What are the names of some common aldosterone antagonist diuretics?

A

Spironolactone (Aldactone)

Eplerenone (Inspra)

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8
Q

MOA - location

A

Kidneys
BP (decr.) = CO (decr.) x systemic vascular resistance (SVR)
Monitor BP response to different positions
Incr. dose ==> orthostatic HTN; dizziness

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9
Q

MOA - thiazides

A

Inhibit the NaCl transporter in distal renal tubule

Increase Na+ and H2O excretion

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10
Q

MOA - loops

A

Inhibit Na+/K+/Cl transporter in thick ascending limb
Increase Na+ and H2O excretion
K+ critical for muscle contraction –> increasing or decreasing can cause rhythm problems

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11
Q

MOA - K+-sparing

A

Inhibit Na channel-collecting tubule and collecting duct

Increase Na+ and H2O excretion (conserving K+ and H+)

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12
Q

MOA - aldosterone antagonists

A

Compete with aldosterone receptor sites in distal tubule

Increase Na+ and H2O excretion excretion (conserving H+ and K+)

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13
Q

What are some common adverse reactions of thiazide diuretics (Chlorthalidone; hydrochlorothiazide; metolazone)?

A 
Electrolyte abnormalities (5H's - rhythm problems and muscle cramping):
HYPOkalemia
HYPOmagnesemia
HYPERcalcemia
HYPERglycemia
HYPERericemia

Increased urination

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14
Q

Which class of diuretics is he most potent (Pt. loses a lot of K+)?

A

Loop diuretics

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15
Q

What are some common adverse reactions of loop diuretics (furosemide, torsemide, bumetanide)?

A 
Electrolyte abnormalities:
HYPOkalemia
HYPOmagnesemia
HYPOcalcemia (+/-)
HYPERuricemia

Greater electrolyte depletion, esp. K+

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16
Q

What are indicators of HYPOkalemia?

A 
Weakness
Fatigue
Muscle cramps
Constipation
Dysrhythmia
17
Q

What are indicators of HYPOmagnesemia?

A 
Weakness
Confusion
Diminished reflexes (LMN)
Muscle twitching
Dysrhythmia
18
Q

What are indicators of HYPERcalcemia?

A 
N/V
Excessive thirst
Frequent urination
Constipation 
(Others as mentioned: weakness, fatigue, muscle cramps, constipation, dysrhythmia, confusion, diminished reflexes, muscle twitching)
19
Q

Which class(es) of diuretics are commonly combined with other diuretics?

A

Potassium-sparing:
Enhances diuresis of other diuretics
Offsets HYPOkalemia caused by chronic therapy with thiazides or loops

Aldosterone antagonists:
Enhances diuresis of other diuretics
Offsets HYPOkalemia caused by chronic therapy with thiazides or loops

20
Q

What are common adverse reactions of K+-sparing diuretics?

A

HYPERkalemia
Kidney stones
Increased urination

21
Q

Which class of diuretics is indicated for HTN and HF?

A

Aldosterone antagonists

22
Q

What are common adverse reactions of aldosterone antagonist diuretics?

A

HYPERkalemia
Gynecomastia
Impotence

23
Q

Which class(es) of diuretics can cause HYPERkalemia?

A

K+-sparing and aldosterone antagonists

24
Q

Which class of diuretics can cause HYPOcalcemia?

A

Loops

25
Q

Which class of diuretics can cause the 5H’s?

A

Thiazides

26
Q

What are the 5H’s?

A 
HYPOkalemia
HYPOmagnesemia
HYPERcalcemia
HYPERglycemia
HYPERuricemia

Cardio I - Cardio Eval - HTN Meds (6 decks)

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