Diuretics Flashcards
Most diuretics produce their clinical effect by:
by blocking sodium
(Na+) reabsorption in different
locations of the nephron,
resulting in increased sodium ion
delivery to the distal tubules
Where do Thiazide diuretics work in the nephron?
cortical portion of the ascending loop of Henle and Distal Convoluted Tubule
Where do Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors work in the nephron?
Proximal Convoluted Tubule
Where do Loop Diuretics work in the nephron?
Thick Ascending limb of Loop of Henle
Where do Potassium Sparing Diuretics work in the nephron?
Late Distal Convoluted Tubule and proximal collecting duct
Where do osmotic diuretics work in the nephron?
Descending limb of the Loop of Henle
Loop diuretics are first-line therapy in patients with
fluid retention resulting from heart failure
In patients with normal renal function, _____
mg of intravenous (IV) furosemide will
produce maximal natriuresis
40mg
Onset and Duration of Action of Furosemide
Onset: 5-10min
Peak: 30min
DOA: 2-6 hours
Combination of ______ and ______
is more effective in decreasing intracranial pressure than either drug alone but severe dehydration and electrolyte imbalance are also more likely.
Furosemide and Mannitol
Loop diuretics potentiate what kind of anesthesia meds?
Nondepolarizing NMB
Thiazide diuretics are most often administered for long-term tx of?
Essential hypertension in which the combination of diuresis, natriuresis, and vasodilation are synergistic
Sustained antihypertensive effect
of thiazide diuretics is due to:
peripheral vasodilation, which requires
several weeks to develop
___________ diuretics are inert substances
that do not undergo metabolism and
are filtered freely at the glomerulus? Name the only one in current use.
Osmotic.
Mannitol
What is the structure of Mannitol?
6-carbon sugar alcohol
Mannitol is used primarily in the acute
management of:
Elevated intracranial pressure and in the treatment of glaucoma
Why do you need an intact blood brain barrier when delivering Mannitol?
If the blood–brain barrier is not intact, mannitol may
enter the brain, drawing fluid with it and causing worsening of the cerebral edema
* Increase in intracranial pressure may occur following mannitol use
