Diuretics

Question 1

Osmotic diuretic

Answer 1

Mannitol

Question 2

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor

Answer 2

Acetazolamide

Question 3

Loop diuretic

Answer 3

Furosemide and torasemide

Question 4

Thiazide and thiazide like diuretics

Answer 4

Hydrochlorothiazide and indapamide

Question 5

Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist

Answer 5

Spironolactone and eplerenone

Question 6

Most common cause of CKI

Answer 6

Diabetic mellitus and arterial hypertension

Question 7

Renal stones can be due to deposit of

Answer 7

Calcium oxalate or uric acid

Question 8

RSD therapy

Answer 8

Lithotripsy

Question 9

Localisation of osmotic diuretic

Answer 9

Loop of henle and proximal tubules

Question 10

Osmotic diuretic effect

Answer 10

Osmotically induce water excretion

Question 11

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor act on

Answer 11

PCT

Question 12

Loop diuretic acts on

Answer 12

Ascending part of loop of henle

Question 13

Thiazide and thiazide like diuretics acts on

Answer 13

Distal tubules

Question 14

Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist acts on

Answer 14

Collection duct

Question 15

Loop diuretic effect

Answer 15

Inhibition of na,K , 2cl- transporter

Question 16

Thiazide and thiazide like diuretics action

Answer 16

Inhibition of nacl- transporter

Question 17

Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist action

Answer 17

Blockage of aldosterone receptor

Question 18

Use of mannitol

Answer 18

Increased intracranial pressure, acute glaucoma attack,acute renal failure

Question 19

Side effects of mannitol

Answer 19

Dehydration, electrolyte imbalance,by overdose hypernatremia and hyper kalemia

Question 20

Prior diuretic effect mannitol causes

Answer 20

Hyper hydration, dangerous for heart failure patients

Question 21

Acetazolamide effects

Answer 21

Excretion of Hco3- and na and water and decrease intraocular fluid production

Question 22

Use of acetazolamide

Answer 22

Acute mountain sickness, Glaucoma,Edema-AGE

Question 23

Side effects of acetazolamide

Answer 23

Metabolic acidosis

Question 24

Effects of loop diuretic

Answer 24

Excretion of na,K,cl,Mg,Ca,but reduce uric acid excretion and hypotensive effect (reduce BP) by decrease in circulating blood volume

Question 25

Use of loop diuretic

Answer 25

Chronic heart failure, arterial hypertension, swelling of lungs,brain,burns, and Edema due to liver or kidney disease -CASE

Question 26

Side effects of loops diuretic

Answer 26

Hypokalemia, hypocalcemia, ototoxicity

Question 27

Effects of thiazide and thiazide like diuretics

Answer 27

Excretion of na, K cl Mg and reduce excretion of CA and uric acid, hypotensive effect

Question 28

Uses of thiazide and thiazide like diuretics

Answer 28

CHF,AH,(hydrochlorothiazide -kidney stone disease caused by hypercalciuria)

Question 29

Side effects of thiazide and thiazide like diuretics

Answer 29

Hypokalemia and interactions with NSAIDS

Question 30

Potassium sparring diuretic

Answer 30

Spironolactone and eplerenone

Question 31

Effects of potassium sparring diuretic

Answer 31

Mild diuretic effect, antifibrotic effect, antiandrogenic effect (spironolactone only)

Question 32

Clinical use of potassium sparring diuretic

Answer 32

CHF, Resistant AH, primary hyperaldosteronism (s), hirsutism (s), acne (s)

Question 33

Side effects of potassium sparring diuretic

Answer 33

Hyperkalemia, gynaecomastia (antiandrogenic effect), interactions with ACE inhibitors)