Diuretics Flashcards

1
Q

Osmotic diuretic

A

Mannitol

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2
Q

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor

A

Acetazolamide

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3
Q

Loop diuretic

A

Furosemide and torasemide

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4
Q

Thiazide and thiazide like diuretics

A

Hydrochlorothiazide and indapamide

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5
Q

Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist

A

Spironolactone and eplerenone

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6
Q

Most common cause of CKI

A

Diabetic mellitus and arterial hypertension

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7
Q

Renal stones can be due to deposit of

A

Calcium oxalate or uric acid

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8
Q

RSD therapy

A

Lithotripsy

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9
Q

Localisation of osmotic diuretic

A

Loop of henle and proximal tubules

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10
Q

Osmotic diuretic effect

A

Osmotically induce water excretion

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11
Q

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor act on

A

PCT

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12
Q

Loop diuretic acts on

A

Ascending part of loop of henle

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13
Q

Thiazide and thiazide like diuretics acts on

A

Distal tubules

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14
Q

Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist acts on

A

Collection duct

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15
Q

Loop diuretic effect

A

Inhibition of na,K , 2cl- transporter

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16
Q

Thiazide and thiazide like diuretics action

A

Inhibition of nacl- transporter

17
Q

Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist action

A

Blockage of aldosterone receptor

18
Q

Use of mannitol

A

Increased intracranial pressure, acute glaucoma attack,acute renal failure

19
Q

Side effects of mannitol

A

Dehydration, electrolyte imbalance,by overdose hypernatremia and hyper kalemia

20
Q

Prior diuretic effect mannitol causes

A

Hyper hydration, dangerous for heart failure patients

21
Q

Acetazolamide effects

A

Excretion of Hco3- and na and water and decrease intraocular fluid production

22
Q

Use of acetazolamide

A

Acute mountain sickness, Glaucoma,Edema-AGE

23
Q

Side effects of acetazolamide

A

Metabolic acidosis

24
Q

Effects of loop diuretic

A

Excretion of na,K,cl,Mg,Ca,but reduce uric acid excretion and hypotensive effect (reduce BP) by decrease in circulating blood volume

25
Q

Use of loop diuretic

A

Chronic heart failure, arterial hypertension, swelling of lungs,brain,burns, and Edema due to liver or kidney disease -CASE

26
Q

Side effects of loops diuretic

A

Hypokalemia, hypocalcemia, ototoxicity

27
Q

Effects of thiazide and thiazide like diuretics

A

Excretion of na, K cl Mg and reduce excretion of CA and uric acid, hypotensive effect

28
Q

Uses of thiazide and thiazide like diuretics

A

CHF,AH,(hydrochlorothiazide -kidney stone disease caused by hypercalciuria)

29
Q

Side effects of thiazide and thiazide like diuretics

A

Hypokalemia and interactions with NSAIDS

30
Q

Potassium sparring diuretic

A

Spironolactone and eplerenone

31
Q

Effects of potassium sparring diuretic

A

Mild diuretic effect, antifibrotic effect, antiandrogenic effect (spironolactone only)

32
Q

Clinical use of potassium sparring diuretic

A

CHF, Resistant AH, primary hyperaldosteronism (s), hirsutism (s), acne (s)

33
Q

Side effects of potassium sparring diuretic

A

Hyperkalemia, gynaecomastia (antiandrogenic effect), interactions with ACE inhibitors)