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Pharma Anticoagulant > Anticoagulant > Flashcards

Anticoagulant Flashcards

1
Q

What are the main categories of antithrombotic agents?

A

Antiplatelets, Anticoagulants, Thrombolytics

Antithrombotic agents are used to prevent or treat thromboembolic disorders.

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2
Q

Name an example of a thromboxane synthesis inhibitor.

A

Acetylsalicylic acid

Acetylsalicylic acid is commonly known as aspirin.

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3
Q

What type of receptor do GPIIb/IIIa receptor antagonists target?

A

GPIIb/IIIa receptors

These receptors are involved in platelet aggregation.

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4
Q

Which drug is an example of a GPIIb/IIIa receptor antagonist?

A

Tirofiban

Tirofiban is used to prevent platelet aggregation.

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5
Q

What are ADP receptor antagonists used for?

A

To prevent platelet activation

They block the ADP receptors on platelets, reducing aggregation.

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6
Q

Name two examples of ADP receptor antagonists.

A

Clopidogrel, Ticagrelor

These medications are commonly prescribed for cardiovascular diseases.

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7
Q

Fill in the blank: Acetylsalicylic acid is a _______.

A

Thromboxane synthesis inhibitor

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8
Q

True or False: Tirofiban is an ADP receptor antagonist.

A

False

Tirofiban is a GPIIb/IIIa receptor antagonist.

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9
Q

What is the primary function of antiplatelet agents?

A

To inhibit platelet aggregation

This helps in preventing the formation of clots.

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10
Q

List the types of antiplatelet agents mentioned.

A
  • Thromboxane synthesis inhibitors
  • GPIIb/IIIa receptor antagonists
  • ADP receptor antagonists

Each type of antiplatelet agent works through different mechanisms.

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11
Q

Thromboxane synthesis inhibitor (irreversible inhibitor of cox 1)

A

ASA

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12
Q

Clinical use of ASA

A

Secondary cerebrovascular and cardiovascular thrombosis prevention,ACS

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13
Q

Side effects of Asa

A

Bleeding of GIT

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14
Q

ASA interact with nsaids

A

Decreased binding to cox1

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15
Q

Clinical use of tirofiban

A

ACS

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16
Q

Clopidogrel

A

Prodrug activated by cyp450, irreversible inhibitor

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17
Q

Ticagrelor

A

Reversible P2Y12 receptors antagonist

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18
Q

Use of clopidogrel and ticagrelor

A

Secondary prevention of cerebrovascular and cardiovascular thrombosis

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19
Q

Anticoagulant

A

Heparin, enoxaparin, fondaparinux, dabigatran, rivaroxaban and apixaban, warfarin

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20
Q

Pre hospitality treatment of ACS

A

Nitrate,O2, antiplatelet, analgesic

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21
Q

What is usually used in dual antiplatelet therapy

A

Aspirin and P2Y12 inhibitor

22
Q

Venous thrombi develop due to

A

Stasis and contain fibrin and erythrocytes

23
Q

Arterial thrombi is formed of platelets

A

And occur under rapid blood flow

24
Q

Antithrombin 3 is a

A

Glycoproteins, synthesized in liver,inactivates serum proteases

25
Q

Normal INR

A

2 to 3

26
Q

Warfarin acts on

A

2,7,9,10 and pretin c and protein s

27
Q

Selective inhibitors of 2a, and 10a should be discontinued

A

24-48hrs before surgery

28
Q

Vit K antagonist should be stopped

A

1-5days before surgery depending on INR

29
Q

Heparin acts on

A

2a and 10a (main),9a,11a,12a

30
Q

Heparin uses

A

ACS,DVT prevention and treatment

31
Q

Side effects of heparin

A

Hemorrhage and heparin induced Thrombocytopenia

32
Q

Heparin antidote

A

Protamine sulphate

33
Q

Fondaparinux use

A

Prevention of venous thromboembolism and ACS

34
Q

Rivaroxaban uses

A

DVT and PE treatment and prevention and stroke prevention

35
Q

Antidote for rivaroxaban

A

Andexanet alpha

36
Q

Rivaroxaban has -effect

A

Irreversible effect

37
Q

Dabigatran and clopidogrel are

A

Prodrug

38
Q

Dabigatran uses

A

DVT and PE prevention and Stroke prevention

39
Q

Dabigatran antidote

A

Idarucizumab

40
Q

Use of warfarin

A

DVT and PE treatment and prevention,stroke prevention and prevention of thromboembolic complications of MI and heart valvular diseases and prosthetic valves

41
Q

Main clinical manifestation of warfarin toxicity

A

Ecchymoses, subconjunctival bleeding, gingival bleeding,internal organ bleeding

42
Q

Warfarin toxicity treatment

A

PCC,FFP, phytamenadione (vitk)

43
Q

Thrombolytic agent

A

Alteplase

44
Q

Plasminogen activator

A

Alteplase

45
Q

Use of alteplase

A

PE, Ischemic stroke therapy,ACS

46
Q

Anti hemorrhagic agents

A

Tranexamic acid(antifibronolytic) and desmopressin (vasopressin receptor agonist)

47
Q

Haemophilia A

A

Decreased factor 8 and haemorrhage in joints, muscle and internal organ

48
Q

Von willebrands disease

A

Mucosal skin haemorrhage,vWF involves in factor 8 transport, platelets adhesion and thrombus formation in primary hemostasis

49
Q

Tranexamic acid(lysine analogue) use

A

Complications of fibrinolytic therapy or hyper fibrinolysisassive bleeding or it’s prognosis

50
Q

Side effects of tranexamic acid

A

Seizures at high dose, combined with oral contraceptive cause risk of thrombosis

51
Q

Desmopressin acts on V2 receptor and it

A

Increase factor 8 and Von willebrands factor and enhance platelets adhesion and has antihemorrhagic effect

52
Q

Use of desmopressin

A

Scheduled surgery in patients with hemophilia a or Von willebrands disease and bleeding control in patients with prolonged blood flow time

Pharma Anticoagulant (2 decks)

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