Diuretics Flashcards
Yang Lecture 7/8
diuretics main function
induce Na and water excretion
block reuptake of sodium so water follows
braking effect
caused by the RAAS system
when Na excretion is equal to intake, BW and ECF stabilizes
if Na excretion is greater than intake
BW and ECF decrease
if Na excretion is less than intake
BW and ECF increase
active transport
main way of transport for diuretics into the PCT
CA-I
carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
act primarily on the PCT
sulfamoyl group is responsible for diuretic activity
possible interaction with sulfonamide allergy (not CI though)
CA-I function
block reabsorption of NaHCO3
increase levels of carbonic acid in lumen and decreases levels of bicarbonate in the blood
when carbonic acid isn’t absorbed, the proton gradient is not formed thus not being able to power the NaH antiport, which prevents sodium from entering the interstitial space (and allows flushing out as a result)
CA-I drugs
acetazolamide
methazolamide
osmotic diuretics
works in the PCT and descending loop of henle
do not have a receptor target
non-reabsorbable that shifts osmotic gradient
AE - hypernatremia
osmotic diuretic drugs
IV – mannitol, urea
Oral – glucose, isosorbide, glycerine
loop diuretic function
inhibit the NaKCl symport
prevents Na from entering the interstitial space via the ATP-ase
act on the thick ascending loop of Henle
loop diuretics
causes issues with K, Ca, and Mg reuptake
covalently modify their targets because they contain an electrophile group
loop diuretic drugs
ethacrynic acid (non-sulfonamide)
furosemide
bumetanide
loop diuretics indication
edema
hypercalcemia
hyperkalemia
acute renal failure
anoin overdose
thiazides function
inhibit the NaCl symport in the DCT
have some CA activity
