Diuretic Drugs Flashcards
Where do osmotic diuretics work?
- descending loop of Henle
- proximal tubule
What do diuretics do?
- increase flow of urine
- decrease ECF volume
How do osmotic diuretics work?
- increase solute load
- increase tubular fluid volume
- increase urine volume
- increase diuresis
Which osmotic diuretic is most commonly used? How must it be administered?
- Mannitol
- parenterally
What is the toxicity of osmotic diuretics?
- headache
- nausea & vomiting
- chest pain
- hyponatremia
What is a complication of rapid infusions of osmotic diuretics?
- rapid movement of fluid from ICF to ECF can lead to CHF
What class of diuretics is a sulfa drug?
- carbonic anhydride inhibitors
- thiazides
- loop diuretics
What is the prototype carbonic anhydrase inhibitor?
- acetozolamide
Where is the site of action of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors?
- proximal tubule
- inhibits bicarbonate reabsorption
- inhibits sodium reabsorption
- increased solute load
- increased tubular fluid volume
- increased urine output
- increases diuresis
Why is the action of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors limited?
- causes metabolic acidosis
What are some of the main uses of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors?
- glaucoma
- epilepsy
- high altitude sickness
Why should carbonic anhydrase inhibitors not be used in pregnant women?
- teratogenic
What is the thiazides prototype?
- chlorothiazide
Where is the site of action of thiazides?
- Na/Cl symporter at distal tubule
- increased solute load
- increased tubular fluid volume
- increased urine output
- increased diuresis
Where are thiazides secreted?
- proximal tubule
- glomerulus
What are the uses of thiazides?
- hypertension
- edema
- idiopathic hypercalciuria
- nephrogenic DI
What are the adverse effects of thiazides?
- hypokalemia
- diabetic potential
Where is the site of action of loop diuretics?
- Na-K-2Cl cotransporter at the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle
What are the uses of loop diuretics?
- hypertension
- edema
- ascites
- pulmonary edema
What are the adverse effects of loop diuretics?
- hypokalemia
- hypomagnesemia
- hypovolemia
- hypotension
- ototoxicity
Where is the site of action of potassium-sparing diuretics?
- distal tubule
- collecting ducts
What are some potassium-sparing diuretics?
- spironolactone
- triameterene
- amiloride
What is spironolactone used for?
- hyperaldosteronism
- hypokalemia
What are the adverse effects of potassium-sparing diuretics?
- hyperkalemia
- acidosis
Why are potassium-sparing diuretics usually administered with another diuretic?
- minimize potassium loss
Which class of diuretics is also known as high ceiling diuretics? Why?
- loop diuretics
- 30-50% of sodium absorption usually occurs here
- loop diuretics prevent reabsorption of a lot of sodium therefore very high sodium excretion
Most loop diuretics are sulfa drugs except…
- ethacrynic acid
