Diuretic Drugs

Question 0

Where do osmotic diuretics work?

Answer 0

• descending loop of Henle

- proximal tubule

Question 1

What do diuretics do?

Answer 1

• increase flow of urine

- decrease ECF volume

Question 2

How do osmotic diuretics work?

Answer 2

• increase solute load
• increase tubular fluid volume
• increase urine volume
• increase diuresis

Question 3

Which osmotic diuretic is most commonly used? How must it be administered?

Answer 3

• Mannitol

- parenterally

Question 4

What is the toxicity of osmotic diuretics?

Answer 4

• headache
• nausea & vomiting
• chest pain
• hyponatremia

Question 5

What is a complication of rapid infusions of osmotic diuretics?

Answer 5

• rapid movement of fluid from ICF to ECF can lead to CHF

Question 6

What class of diuretics is a sulfa drug?

Answer 6

• carbonic anhydride inhibitors
• thiazides
• loop diuretics

Question 7

What is the prototype carbonic anhydrase inhibitor?

Answer 7

• acetozolamide

Question 8

Where is the site of action of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors?

Answer 8

• proximal tubule
• inhibits bicarbonate reabsorption
• inhibits sodium reabsorption
• increased solute load
• increased tubular fluid volume
• increased urine output
• increases diuresis

Question 9

Why is the action of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors limited?

Answer 9

• causes metabolic acidosis

Question 10

What are some of the main uses of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors?

Answer 10

• glaucoma
• epilepsy
• high altitude sickness

Question 11

Why should carbonic anhydrase inhibitors not be used in pregnant women?

Answer 11

• teratogenic

Question 12

What is the thiazides prototype?

Answer 12

• chlorothiazide

Question 13

Where is the site of action of thiazides?

Answer 13

• Na/Cl symporter at distal tubule
• increased solute load
• increased tubular fluid volume
• increased urine output
• increased diuresis

Question 14

Where are thiazides secreted?

Answer 14

• proximal tubule

- glomerulus

Question 15

What are the uses of thiazides?

Answer 15

• hypertension
• edema
• idiopathic hypercalciuria
• nephrogenic DI

Question 16

What are the adverse effects of thiazides?

Answer 16

• hypokalemia

- diabetic potential

Question 17

Where is the site of action of loop diuretics?

Answer 17

• Na-K-2Cl cotransporter at the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle

Question 18

What are the uses of loop diuretics?

Answer 18

• hypertension
• edema
• ascites
• pulmonary edema

Question 19

What are the adverse effects of loop diuretics?

Answer 19

• hypokalemia
• hypomagnesemia
• hypovolemia
• hypotension
• ototoxicity

Question 20

Where is the site of action of potassium-sparing diuretics?

Answer 20

• distal tubule

- collecting ducts

Question 21

What are some potassium-sparing diuretics?

Answer 21

• spironolactone
• triameterene
• amiloride

Question 22

What is spironolactone used for?

Answer 22

• hyperaldosteronism

- hypokalemia

Question 23

What are the adverse effects of potassium-sparing diuretics?

Answer 23

• hyperkalemia

- acidosis

Question 24

Why are potassium-sparing diuretics usually administered with another diuretic?

Answer 24

• minimize potassium loss

Question 25

Which class of diuretics is also known as high ceiling diuretics? Why?

Answer 25

• loop diuretics
• 30-50% of sodium absorption usually occurs here
• loop diuretics prevent reabsorption of a lot of sodium therefore very high sodium excretion

Question 26

Most loop diuretics are sulfa drugs except…

Answer 26

• ethacrynic acid