Diuretic Agents

Question 1

Promotes excretion of

Answer 1

water and electrolytes

Question 2

Used in what situations

Answer 2

inappropriate or excessive salt and/or water retention

Question 3

Solutes are reabsorbed by what kind of transport

Answer 3

Active and passive

Question 4

active transport

Answer 4

energy : ATP

Na/K pump

Question 5

passive transport

Answer 5

water

Question 6

Facilitated diffusion

Answer 6

cell membrane channels allowing rapid passage of Na, K, Cl across membranes

Question 7

1st half of proximal tubule reabsorbs:

Answer 7

Na and NaHCO3

Question 8

2nd half of proximal tubule reabsorbs:

Answer 8

Na and Cl

Question 9

Areas highly permeable to water include:

Answer 9

proximal tubule and desc. LOH

Question 10

Areas impermeable to water include:

Answer 10

ascending LOH

Question 11

Permeability of collecting duct cells to water is under he influence of?

Answer 11

ADH

Question 12

K excretion regulated by

Answer 12

Plasma K conc., acid-base balance, aldosterone, AVP

Question 13

Ca excretion is regulated by

Answer 13

parathyroid hormone, calcitriol, calcitonin

Question 14

Phos excretion is regulated by

Answer 14

parathyroid hormone

Question 15

Filtration diuretics increase diuresis by:

Answer 15

increase GFR

ex: glucocorticoids, theophylline, dopamine, dobutamine

Question 16

Osmotic diuretics

Answer 16

decrease Na and electrolyte reabsorption in the prox tubule and LOH
Attract water from intracellular compartment, increase ECF volume and blood flow

Question 17

Loop diuretics

Answer 17

Inhibit reabsorption of Na in asc. LOH
Markedly increase excretion of Na, K, Cl, Ca, and Mg
Dec BP

Question 18

Example of osmotic diuretic

Answer 18

mannitol

Question 19

Example of loop diuretic

Answer 19

lasix, bumex

Question 20

Adverse effects of Loop diuretics

Answer 20

hypochloremic metabolic acidosis
hypercalciuria
PDA
Ototoxicity

Question 21

Thiazide and thiazide like diuretics

Answer 21

inhibit Na reabsorption in distal convoluted tubule

Question 22

Inhibitors of carbonic anhydrase

Answer 22

increase excretion of bicarbonate, Na and K

promotes alkaline diuresis

Question 23

K sparing diuretics often used in assoc with what for CLD babies

Answer 23

Thiazides

Question 24

Advantage to K sparing diuretics

Answer 24

dec risk of hypokalemia

Question 25

Example of K sparing diuretic

Answer 25

spironolactone