DISTURBANCES IN THINKING Flashcards
the goal-directed flow of ideas. Symbols and associations initiated by problem or task and leading toward a reality-oriented conclusion.
Thinking
clinically significant behavioral or psychological syndrome that is associated with distress or disability, and not just an expected response to a particular event.
Mental disorder
inability to distinguish reality from fantasy. Impairment in reality testing, with creation of a new reality.
Psychosis
the objective evaluation and judgment of the world outside the self.
Reality testing
disturbance in the form of thought instead of the content of thought. Thinking is characterized by loosened associations, neologisms, and i logical constructs. Thought process is disordered and the person defined psychotic.
Formal thought disorder
thinking containing erroneous conclusions or internal contradictions. It is considered psychopathological only when it is marked and when not caused by cultural values or inte lectual deficit.
Illogical thinking
mental activity not concordant with logic experience.
Dereism
thinking that gratifies unfulfilled desires but has no regard for reality a preoccupation phase in children in which thoughts, words, or actions assume power
Autistic Thinking
a form of dereistic thought; thinking similar to that of the preoperational phase in children (Jean Piaget), in which thoughts, words, or actions assume power (e.g., to cause or to prevent events).
Magical thinking
general term for thinking that is dereistic i logical and magical normaly found in dreams, abnormaly in psychotics.
Primary process thinking
new word or phrase whose derivation cannot be understood * oftenseen in schizophrenia * it has also been used to mean a word that has been incorrectly constructed but whose origins are nonetheless understandable (e.g., headshoe to mean hat), but such constructions are more properly referred to as word approximations.
Neologism
incoherent, essentially incomprehensible, mixture of words and phrases commonly seen in far-advanced cases of schizophrenia
Word Salad
disturbance in the associative thought and speech processes in which a patient digresses into unnecessary details and inappropriate thoughts before communicating the central idea observed in schizophrenia, obsessional disturbances, and certain cases of dementia.
Circumstantiality
oblique, digressive, or even irrelevant manner of speech in which the central idea is not communicated.
Tangentiality
thought that, genera ly is not understandable patient never gets from desired point to desired goal.
Incoherence
pathological repetition of the same response to different stimuli, as in a repetition of the same verbal response to different questions persistent repetition of specific words or concepts in the process of speaking. Seen in cognitive disorders, schizophrenia, and other mental i lness.
Perseveration
meaningless and stereotyped repetition of words or phrases, as seen in schizophrenia also ca led cataphasia.
Verbigeration
a person’s psychopathological repeating of words or phrases of by another tends to be repetitive and persistent Seen in certain kinds of schizophrenia, particularly the catatonic types.
Echolalia
mental process in which one symbol stands for a number of components.
Condensation
characteristic schizophrenic thinking or speech disturbance involving a disorder in the logical progression of thoughts manifested as a failure to communicate verbaly adequately unrelated and unconnected ideas shift from one subject to another.
Loosening of associations
gradual or sudden deviation in train of thought without blocking sometimes used synonymously with loosening of association.
Derailment
rapid succession of fragmentary thoughts or speech in which content changes abruptly and speech may be incoherent.
Flight of ideas
association or speech directed by the sound of a word rather than by its meaning words have no logical connection punning and rhyming may dominate the verbal behavior. Seen most frequently in schizophrenia or mania.
Clang association
abrupt interaction in train of thinking before a thought or idea is finished after brief pause, person indicates no reca l of what was being said or was going to be said.
Blocking
unintelligible jargon that has meaning to the speaker but not to the listener occurs in schizophrenia.
Glossolalia
thought that gives little information because of vagueness, empty repetitions, or obscure phrases.
Poverty of content
false or unreasonable belief or idea that is sustained beyond the bounds of reason; it is held with less intensity or duration than a delusion, but is usua ly associated with mental i lness.
Overvalued idea
false belief, based on incorrect inference about external reality, not consistent with patient’s inte ligence and cultural background that cannot be corrected by reasoning
Delusion
false belief that is patently absurd or fantastic (e.g., invaders from space have implanted electrodes in a person’s brain), common in schizophrenia.
Bizarre delusion
group of elaborate delusions related to a single event or theme.
Systematized delusion
delusion with content that is mood appropriate (e.g., depressed patients who believe that they are responsible for the destruction of the world).
Mood-congruent delusion
delusion with content that has no association to mood or is mood-neutral.
Mood-incongruent delusion
depressive delusion that the world and everything related to it have ceased to exist.
Nihilistic delusion
false belief that one is bereft or wi l be deprived of all material possessions
Delusion of poverty
delusion pertaining to the functioning of one’s body.
Somatic Delusion
includes persecutory delusions and delusions of reference, control, and grandeur *
Delusion of persecution *
Delusion of grandeur
Delusion of reference
Paranoid delusions
false feeling of remorse and guilt. Seen in depression with psychotic features.
Delusion of self-accusation
false belief that a person’s wiill, thoughts, or feelings are being controlled by external forces.
Thought withdrawal
Thought insertion
Thought broadcasting
Delusion of Control
false belief that one’s lover is unfaithful. Sometimes ca led pathological jealousy.
Delusion of infidelity
delusional belief, more common in women than in men, that someone is deeply in love with them (also known as de Clérembault syndrome).
Erotomania
a type of lying, in which the person appears to believe in the reality of his or her fantasies and acts on them.
Pseudologia fantastica
centering of thought content on a particular idea, associated with a strong affective tone, such as a paranoid trend or a suicidal or homicidal preoccupation.
Preoccupation of thought
morbid self-preoccupation or self-centeredness.
Egomania
mental state characterized by preoccupation with one subject.
Monomania
exaggerated concern about health that is based not on real medical pathology, but on unrealistic interpretations of physical signs or sensations as abnormal.
Hypochondria
persistent and recurrent idea, thought, or impulse that cannot be eliminated from consciousness by logic or reasoning
involuntary and ego-dystonic.
Obsession
pathological need to act on an impulse that, if resisted, produces anxiety repetitive behavior in response to an obsession or performed according to certain rules, with no true end in itself other than to prevent something from occurring in the future.
Compulsion
involuntary use of vulgar or obscene language. Observed in some cases of schizophrenia and in Tourette’s syndrome.
Coprolalia
persistent, pathological, unrealistic, intense fear of an object or situation
the person may realize that the fear is irrational but, nonetheless, cannot dispel it.
Phobia
Types of Phobia
- Simple phobia
- Social phobia
- Acrophobia
- Algophobia
- Claustrophobia
- Xenophobia
- Zoophobia
a revelation in which immense i lumination occurs in association with a sense that one has been chosen to lead and command.
Noesis
feeling of mystic unity with an infinite power.
Unio mystica
