DISTRIBUTION

Question 1

Total body fluid

Answer 1

42 liters

Question 2

Intracellular

Answer 2

27 liters

Question 3

Extracellular

Answer 3

15 liters

Question 4

Intravascular

Answer 4

3 liters

Question 5

Interstitial

Answer 5

12 liters

Question 6

Properties of drugs that distribute intravascular:

Answer 6

Drugs with high molecular weight

Drugs are not filtered through the capillaries

Question 7

Properties of drugs that distribute extracellular:

Answer 7

Drugs has small molecular weight

BUT can’t pass through the membrane (not lipid soluble)

Question 8

Properties of drugs that distribute intracellular :

Answer 8

Drugs that have small molecular weight

Drugs that are lipid-soluble

Question 9

Examples of drugs that distribute intravascular:

Answer 9

Heparin
Dextran
Plasma proteins
Drugs bound to plasma proteins

Question 10

Examples of drugs that distribute extracellular:

Answer 10

Ions
Quaternary ammonium (QA) compunds

Question 11

Examples of drugs that distribute intracellular:

Answer 11

Tertiary amine (TA) compunds
Asprin
Ethanol

Question 12

Tissue reservoir of iodine:

Answer 12

THYROID

Question 13

Tissue reservoir of thiopentone

Answer 13

FAT

Question 14

Tissue reservoir of Calcium ions:

Answer 14

BONES

Question 15

Tissue reservoir of Digoxin:

Answer 15

HEART

Question 16

Blood brain barrier formed of

Answer 16

Formed by brain capillary endothelium with tight junctions and adjacent glial cells
No water channels

Question 17

Type of drugs that can pass throught blood-brain barrier

Answer 17

Only lipid-soluble, non-ionized drugs

Question 18

Inflammation ……… permiability of drugs to the brain

Answer 18

increases

Question 19

Area in the brain that doesn’t contain the blood brain barrier

Answer 19

Chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ) of medulla

Question 20

Placental barrier is formed by:

Answer 20

Epithelium of fetal villi and capillary endothelium

Question 21

Placental barrier is rich in ……..

Answer 21

Enzymes that inactivate drugs

Question 22

Drugs that pass the placental barrier during pregnancy can be ….

Answer 22

teratogenic

Question 23

Factors affecting distribution:

Answer 23

• Lipid solubility
• Molecular weight
• Ionization
• Binding to plasma proteins
• Difference of regional blood flow
• Precense of barriers

Question 24

Highly-lipid soluble drugs get initially distributed to ……….. and ………. example

Answer 24

Organs with high lipid content ….. high blood flow ….. brain, heart and kidney

Question 25

After the drug is distributed to high blood flow areas, it redistributes to ……. but ……. example ……

Answer 25

less vascular ….. more bulky tissues …… muscle and fat

Question 26

Greater the lipid solubility of the drug, ………….. its redistribution

Answer 26

FASTER

Question 27

In the plasma, the drug is present in 2 forms:

Answer 27

Free form

Bound form

Question 28

The free form is: (4 characteristics)

Answer 28

• Active
• Filtered
• Metabolised
• Excreted

Question 29

The bound form is: (4 characteristics)

Answer 29

• Not Active
• Not Filtered
• Not Metabolised
• Not Excreted —> has a prolonged action

Question 30

What binds to acidic drugs

Answer 30

Albumin

Question 31

What binds to basic drugs

Answer 31

alpha-1 acid glycoprotein

Question 32

Plasma proteins have site for …… and ………. for drugs

Answer 32

competition …. displacement

Question 33

Which drug displaces anti-coagulants?

Answer 33

Asprin

May lead to toxicity

Question 34

Drugs that bind to the tissue-proteins of the heart:

Answer 34

Digitalis

Question 35

Drugs that bind to the tissue-proteins of the thyroid :

Answer 35

Iodine

Question 36

Drugs that bind to the tissue-proteins of the iris:

Answer 36

Ephedrine and atropine