ABSORPTION

Question 1

Absorption definition

Answer 1

Transfer of drug from site of administration to systemic circulation

Question 2

Types of factors that can affect absorption

Answer 2

• Factors related to drug

- Factors related to patient

Question 3

Examples of factors related to drug absorption

Answer 3

• Size of the drug
• Water and lipid solubility
• Ionization
• Nature of drug and its molecular weight
• Valency
• Preperation and dosage form
• Rate of disintegration
• Excipients

Question 4

Drugs must be water/lipid soluble?

Answer 4

DRUGS MUST ME WATER AND LIPID SOLUBLE

Question 5

Increasing lipid solubility, increases …..

Answer 5

Absorption

Question 6

If the drug is insoluble in water it is …….

Answer 6

NOT absorbed

Question 7

Lipid soluble drugs are ionized/non-ionized?

Answer 7

NON-IONIZED

Question 8

Inorganic drugs have …….. molecular weight

Answer 8

SMALL

Question 9

Organic drugs have …….. molecular weight

Answer 9

LARGE

Question 10

Which iron ion is absorbed more?

Answer 10

Ferrous iron (Fe2+)&raquo_space;»» Feric iron (Fe3+)

Question 11

Dosage form:

Answer 11

Solution&raquo_space; Suspension&raquo_space; Tablets

Question 12

………. has a rapid rate of disintegration

Answer 12

Paracetamol

Question 13

……… has a slow rate of disintegration

Answer 13

Digoxin

Question 14

Calcium carbonate decreases the absorption of ……..

Answer 14

tetracycline

Question 15

Factors related to patient that affect drug absorption:

Answer 15

• Route of administration
• Absorbing surface
• Systemic circulation
• Specific factors
• Other drugs

Question 16

Route of adminstration with decreasing absorption rate:

Answer 16

IV > IM > SC > Oral > skin

Question 17

Surface area with descending absorption rate

Answer 17

Alveoli > Intestine >Stomach

Question 18

Absorbing surface with decreasing vascularity:

Answer 18

Alveoli > Muscle > SC

Question 19

When does systemic circulation have low absorption rate?

Answer 19

In shock or heart failures as blood flow to skin and muscles decreases

Question 20

How to increase absorption of Vitamin B12

Answer 20

Increase secretions of intrinsic factors from the stomach

Question 21

Effect of adrenaline on local anesthetics

Answer 21

Causes vasoconstriction so decreases absorption

Question 22

Drugs that increase gastric emptying

Answer 22

Metoclopramide

Question 23

Drugs that decrease gastric emptying

Answer 23

Atropine

Question 24

Effect of metoclopramide on absorption rate

Answer 24

Metoclopramide increase gastric emptying so increase rate of absorption of drugs with rapid disintegration rate (paracetamol) and decrease rate of absorption of drugs with slow disintegration rate (digoxin)

Question 25

Effect of Atropine on absorption rate

Answer 25

Atropine decrease gastric emptying so decreases rate of absorption of drugs with rapid disintegration rate (paracetamol) and increases rate of absorption of drugs with slow disintegration rate (digoxin)

Question 26

Events that decrease oral absorption

Answer 26

- Diarrhea - Malabsorption - Decreased gut motility by morphine

Question 27

RULE: The drug is absorbed in the .... media and excreted in the .... media

Answer 27

SAME......OPPOSITE

Question 28

How pH can increase absorption rate

Answer 28

Acidic media in the stomach increases absorption of acidic drugs like asprin and barbiturates Alkaline media in the intestines increases absorption of alkaline drugs like atropine, morphine, ephedrine and amphetamine

Question 29

Where is tannic acid found

Answer 29

In TEA

Question 30

How can the absorption of iron be lowered

Answer 30

By the presence of tannic acid

Question 31

What interferes with the absorption of tetracycline?

Answer 31

Calcium in milk

Question 32

What chemicals decreaes rate of absorption of most drugs

Answer 32

Cholestyramine and charcoal

Question 33

Amino acids compete with ...... and ......... its absorption

Answer 33

Levodopa ........ decreases

Question 34

Irritant drugs may be given after food like

Answer 34

Asprin and iron

Question 35

Synonyms of first pass metabolism

Answer 35

First pass effect | Pre-systemic metabolism

Question 36

First pass metabolism definition

Answer 36

Drug metabolism before it reaches systemic circulation whereby the concentration of the drug is greatly reduced. It takes place after absorption from the GIT in the portal circulation

Question 37

Barriers where drug concentration decreases in first pass metabolism

Answer 37

- Gut first pass - Gut wall - Hepatic first pass

Question 38

Drugs that are destroyed during gut first pass

Answer 38

Penicillin is destroyed by gastric acidity | Hormones and proteins (insulin) are destroyed by gastric enzymes

Question 39

Drugs that can't pass through the lumen

Answer 39

L-DOPA, methyldopa, tyramine

Question 40

L-DOPA is used to treat ....

Answer 40

Parkinson's disease

Question 41

Drugs that pass through the liver and are destructed by its enzymes in the hepatic first pass:

Answer 41

Nitroglycerine, Morphine, Propranolol, Natural sex hormones and lidocaine

Question 42

Nitroglycerine is used to treat

Answer 42

Angina

Question 43

To overcome hepatic first pass:

Answer 43

- Increase oral dose | - Use other route

Question 44

Bioavailability definition:

Answer 44

The fraction of administered drug that reaches the systemic circulation in an unchanged form

Question 45

Factors affecting the bioavailability of the drug:

Answer 45

Absorption rate and first pass metabolism

Question 46

Bioavailability is .....% after IV route

Answer 46

100

Question 47

Bioavailabilty formula for other routes that IV

Answer 47

Bioavailability of a route (F) = | (Area under curve (AUC)of the route / Area under curve (AUC)of IV) x 100