Distinctive Landscapes Flashcards

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1
Q

What is igneous rocks and examples?

A
  1. Produced when magma cools
  2. Granite
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2
Q

What is sedimentary rocks and examples?

A
  1. Made from the skeletons of marine organisms at the bottom of the ocean
  2. Chalk
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3
Q

What is metamorphic rocks and examples?

A
  1. Heat and pressure on existing igneous or sedimentary rocks changes structure
  2. Slate
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4
Q

Features of Coniferous Forests:

A
  1. Trees are evergreen and grow apart
  2. Trees are conical shaped with needle shaped leaves
  3. Trees are found in large groups
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5
Q

Features of Deciduous Forests:

A
  1. Broad leaves
  2. Drops the leaves in autumn
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6
Q

What is a destructive wave?

A
  1. Weak swash and strong backwash
  2. Strong backwash removes sediment
  3. Waves are steep
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7
Q

What is a constructive wave?

A
  1. Strong swash
  2. Weak backwash
  3. String swash brings sediment
  4. Cannot remove the sediment, backwash is too weak
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8
Q

What is freeze-thaw weathering?

A
  1. Water enters the cracks in the rock
  2. When temperatures drops, the water freezes and expands causing the crack to widen
  3. Ice melts and water makes its way deeper into the rock.
  4. Repeats until the rock splits entirely
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9
Q

What is biological weathering?

A
  1. Plant roots can get into small rocks
  2. As the roots grow, the cracks become larger
  3. Causes small pieces of rock to break away.
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10
Q

What is rockfall?

A

Bits of rock fall of the cliff-face because of freeze-thaw weathering

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11
Q

What is mudflow?

A

Saturated soil flows down a slope

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12
Q

What is landslides?

A

Large blocks of rock slides downhill

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13
Q

What is rotational slip?

A

Saturated soil slumps down a curved surface

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14
Q

What is hydraulic action?

A

Waves smash against the cliff. Air becomes trapped and compressed into cracks in the rock with explosive force causing the rock to break apart

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15
Q

What is abrasion?

A

This is when pebbles grind along a rock platform or cliff base much like sandpaper. Over time the rock becomes smooth.

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16
Q

What is attrition?

A

This is when rocks that the sea is carrying knock against each other. They break apart to become smaller and more rounded.

17
Q

What is solution?

A

This is when sea water dissolves certain types of rocks