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Hindlimb > Distal Hindlimb > Flashcards

Distal Hindlimb Flashcards

1
Q

What makes up the stifle joint?

A

Femur and tibia

Femur and kneecap

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2
Q

What articulates at the femoro-tibial joint?

A

Femoral condyles (medial and lateral) with the tibial condyles (medial and lateral)

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3
Q

What is the meniscus?

A

C shaped cartilage wedge shaped attached to the tibial condyles

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4
Q

What is the function of the meniscus?

A

Stabilise the stifle joint, cushioning of the joint, proprioception of the hindlimb (contains nerve endings.)

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5
Q

What are the 3 types of meniscal ligaments?

A

Menisco-tibial ligament, transverse ligament, menisco-femoral ligament

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6
Q

What is the role of the menisco-tibial ligament?

A

Hold the menisci onto the tibia from the mensicus to the intercondylar eminence

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7
Q

What’s the role of the transverse ligament?

A

Stabilise the menisci on the cranial aspect

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8
Q

What is the role of the menisci-femoral ligament?

A

Holds the femur onto the menisci via lateral meniscus to the intercondylar fossa

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9
Q

What support does the collateral ligament of the stifle joint cause?

A

Holds the bones together, resists rotation and limited to flexion and extension

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10
Q

Where does the collateral ligament attach?

A

Medial epicondyle of femur onto tibia, lateral epicondyle of femur onto tibia, attaches to abaxial aspects of menisci

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11
Q

What are the cruciate ligaments in the stifle joint? Where do they attach?

A

Cranial cruciate ligament- intercondylar eminence to the medial aspect of lateral condyle
Caudal cruciate ligament- intercondylar eminence to intercondylar fossa

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12
Q

What are the components of the femoral-patellar joint?

A

Patella to the trochlear groove of the femur

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13
Q

What is the patellar ligament and where does it insert?

A

Holds the patella on, inserts onto the quadriceps on the tibial tuberosity

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14
Q

How does the patella aid stifle joint movement?

A

If the patella is pulled proximally the joint will extend

If the patella is pulled dismally the joint will flex

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15
Q

What support does the patella-femoral joint have?

A

Medial and lateral trochlear ridges, lateral and medial femoro-patella ligament which attaches the patella to the faballae, retinaculum (tissue fascia that wraps around the joint)

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16
Q

What are the 3 compartments of the synovial joint in the stifle joint?

A

Femoro-patella, redial femoro-tibial, lateral femoro-tibia

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17
Q

In which animal do all the compartments of the synovial joint communicate?

A

Dog

18
Q

On a radiograph of the stifle joint how many bones will you see for a dog or cat?

A

4 bones in a dog, 3 in a cat

19
Q

How can you tell a cat radiograph to a dog radiograph of the stifle joint?

A

Cat has a pointed patella, medial fabella usually not mineralised

20
Q

What parts of the stifle joint can you palpate?

A

Patella, patellar ligament, tibial crest, joint space

21
Q

Where is the origin, insertion and nerve innovating the sartorius?

A 
O= crest of ilium (cranial part), cranial ventral iliac spine of ilium (caudal part)
Insert= patella with rectus femoris (cranial part), tibial tuberosity/ cranial border of tibia (caudal part)
Innervation= femoral
22
Q

Where is the origin, insertion and innovation of the quadriceps

A

4 heads: origin of rectus femoris- ilium, vastest lateeralis= lateral femur, vastus medial is= medial femur, vastus intermedius= cranial femur

Insert= tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament 
Innervated= femoral nerve
23
Q

What are the extensors of the stifle joint?

A

Sartorius and quadriceps

24
Q

What is the origin, insertion and innovation of the biceps femoris?

A 
Origin= ishium 
Insertion= fascia latae and calcaneus via the common calcanean tendon
Innervation= sciatic nerve
25
Q

What is the origin, insertion and innervation of the semitendinosus?

A

Origin:
Insertion:
Innervation: sciatic nerve

26
Q

What is the origin, insertion and innovation of the semimembranosus?

A 
Origin= ischium
Insert= femur and tibia 
Innervation= sciatic nerve
27
Q

What is the origin, insertion and innovation of the gastrocnemius?

A

Origin:
Insertion:
Innervation:

28
Q

What type of bones are in the tarsal joint?

A

Short bones

29
Q

How are the tarsus arranged?

A

Proximal row= tarsus and calcaneus
Middle row= central and IVth tarsal
Distal row= 1,2,3,4 tarsal

30
Q

In which animals are all the tarsal bones present?

A

Dog and pig

31
Q

What are the important features of the calcaneus?

A

Sits on the lateral- planter aspect. Calcanean tuberosity on the top= join of the common calcaneus tendon, the sustentaculum is a medial projection which allows passage for the DDFT

32
Q

What are the main features of the talus?

A

Is dorsal and medial in position, has a trochlear which is an articular surface and is made of 2 ridges and a groove

33
Q

How many joints are in the tarsus and what are they called?

A

4
Tarsal-crural joint (tarsus- crus and talus-tibia and fibula)
Proximal intertarsal joint (talus and calcaneus- central & 4th tarsus)
Distal intertarsal joint (central- 1,2,3,tarsals)
Tarso-metatarsal joint (distal row and metatarsal bones and intertarsal joints)

34
Q

How much movement is in the Tarsus joint?

A

Lots of movement in the torso-crural joint but little in all the other 3

35
Q

What is the joint capsule like at the synovial joint?

A

Extensive
Between tibia and fibula
Between metatarsal bones
Poor communication between compartments

36
Q

What ligaments support the tarsus joint?

A

Collateral, plantar, fibrocartligenous reinforcement of joint capsule, retinaculum

37
Q

Where are the collateral ligament of the tarsus joint?

A

Long ones- fibula to 5th metatarsal, tibia to 2nd metatarsal

Short ones- bridge the bones to each other

38
Q

Where are the plantar ligaments in the tarsal joint?

A

Calcaneus to the metatarsal bones

39
Q

What does the plantar ligament do?

A

Counteracts the pull on the calcanean tuberosity by the common calcaneus tendon

40
Q

What is the function of the fibrocartilageous reinforcement of the joint capsule in the tarsal joint?

A

Friction free surface for the passage of tendons

Passive maintenance of joint capsule

Hindlimb (2 decks)

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