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Hindlimb > Anatomy of proximal hindlimb in dog > Flashcards

Anatomy of proximal hindlimb in dog Flashcards

1
Q

What spinal nerves apply the hindlimb?

A

L5, L6, L7, S1, S2 dorsal branches supply dorsal structures and ventral branches are part of the lumbosacral plexus

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2
Q

What nerves come out the lumbosacrl plexus?

A

Gluteal, obturator, femoral, sciatic

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3
Q

What branches does the sciatic nerve give off?

A

Tibular and fibular

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4
Q

What attaches at the coxo-femoral joint?

A

Head of femur and acetabulum of pelvis (lunate surface)

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5
Q

What joint capsules and attachments are at the coxo-femoral joint?

A

Around the labrum, neck of femur - typical synovial joint but no collateral ligament

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6
Q

What parts of the pelvis can you palpate?

A

Dorsal iliac cries/ wing of ilium, tuber sacral, tuber coxae, tuber ischium

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7
Q

What parts of the femur can you palpate?

A

Greater trochanter

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8
Q

What features support the coxo-femoral joint?

A

The ligament of the head of femur (round ligament)- attaches the fovea to the acetubular fossa. The surround muscle mass also supports

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9
Q

What surgical approach should you take to the hip joint?

A

Remove the greater trochanter so muscle stars attached, perform survey, put greater trochanter back onto bone using pin

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10
Q

How many heads does he gluteal muscle have and what are they called?

A

3- superficial, deep, middle

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11
Q

Where does the gluteal originate and insert?

A 
O= sacrum & pelvis on the gluteal surface
I= greater trochanter on the femur
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12
Q

What type of movement does the gluteal carry out?

A

Abductor

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13
Q

What nerve innovates the gluteal?

A

Gluteal nerve

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14
Q

Where are the adductor muscles located?

A

Ventral to hip joint- origin on ventral surface of pelvis

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15
Q

Where are the extrinsic adductor muscles located?

A

Ventral to hip joint- origin on ventral surface of pelvis

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16
Q

Where do all the Extrinsic adductors insert?

A

Medial aspect of limb

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17
Q

What muscles are the adductors of the hindlimb?

A

Gracilis, adductor, pectineus, external obturator

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18
Q

What muscles are the extrinsic muscle adductors of the hindlimb?

A

Gracilis, adductor, pectineus, external obturator

19
Q

Where does the pectineus insert?

A

Femur

20
Q

What are the extrinsic limb protractors of the hindlimb?

A

Tensor fascia latae, iliopsoas muscle, sartorius, rectus femoris (1 head of 4 on quadriceps)

21
Q

Where does the tensor fascia originate and insert? What nerve innervates it?

A 
Origin= ilium
Insert= fascia latae
Nerve= gluteal nerve
22
Q

Where does the iliopsoasmuscle origin and insert? What nerve innovates it?

A 
Origin= lumbar region and ilium 
Insert= lesser trochanter of femur 
Nerve= femoral nerve
23
Q

Where does the sartorius originate, insert and what nerve supplies it?

A 
Origin= ilium
Insert= femur (short head) and tibial tuberosity (long head)
Innervation= Femoral nerve
24
Q

Where does the rectus femoris originate, insert and what nerve innovates it?

A 
Origin= ilium
Insert= Tibial tuberosity via particular ligament 
Innervation= Femoral nerve
25
Q

What is the difference between the Sartorius muscle in cats to other animals?

A

It only has one head in a cat but other animals it has 2

26
Q

What are the extrinsic limb retractors?

A

Biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus

27
Q

Where does the biceps femoris originate, insert and what is it innervated by?

A

Origin- tuber ishium
Insert- fascia latae and calcaneus
Innervated- sciatic nerve

28
Q

Where does the semitendinosus originate, insert and what innervates it?

A

Origin- Ischium
Insertion- Tibia and Calcaneus via the common calcanean tendon
Innervated by-sciatic nerve

29
Q

Where does the semimembranosus originate, insert and what innervates it?

A

Origin- ishium
Insertion- femur & tibia
Innervated by- sciatic nerve

30
Q

How many bellies does the semimembranosus muscle have?

A

2

31
Q

What is the femoral triangle?

A

.

32
Q

What type of bones are the tibia and fibula?

A

Long bones

33
Q

What is the main role of the tibia?

A

Weight bearing

34
Q

What aspect do you find fibula?

A

Lateral aspect

35
Q

What is the difference in the tibia and fibula to the ulna and radius?

A

Tibia and fibula have proximal and distal fibrous joints
They have a larger rinterosseous space
They have no rotation
The bones do not wrap around each other

36
Q

What are the features of the proximal end of the tibia?

A

Possesses a triangular presentation in short axis sticking towards caudal aspect
Tibial plate- possess a medial condyle and lateral condyle (on top of the bone)
Intercondylar ridge between the 2 condyles rough bone surface for ligament attachment
Tibial crest
Tibial tuberosity- on cranial aspect where the patellar ligament inserts

37
Q

Where does the tibia attach with the femur?

A

The tibia plate with the medial and lateral condyles of the femur

38
Q

What are the features of the distal end of the tibia and fibula?

A

The base is oval in shape on the short axis
Cochlea concave articular surface
Medial Malleolus- prolongation on the medial aspect of the tibia
Lateral Maleolus- lateral prolongation on the fibula

39
Q

What attaches to features on the distal aspect of the tibia and fibula?

A

Cochlea articulates with hock medial malleolus attaches with collateral ligament of hock (medial), lateral malleolus attaches to lateral collateral ligament of the hock

40
Q

What parts of the tibia and fibula can you palpate?

A

Tibial crest, medial and arterial malleolus

41
Q

How many centres of ossification does the tibia have and where are they?

A

4- proximal end, tibial tuberosity, body, distal end

42
Q

How many centres of ossification does the fibula have and where?

A

3- proximal end, body, distal end

43
Q

Where do hindlimb extrinsic muscles originate from?

A

The pelvic and axial skeleton

Hindlimb (2 decks)

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