Anatomy of proximal hindlimb in dog

Question 1

What spinal nerves apply the hindlimb?

Answer 1

L5, L6, L7, S1, S2 dorsal branches supply dorsal structures and ventral branches are part of the lumbosacral plexus

Question 2

What nerves come out the lumbosacrl plexus?

Answer 2

Gluteal, obturator, femoral, sciatic

Question 3

What branches does the sciatic nerve give off?

Answer 3

Tibular and fibular

Question 4

What attaches at the coxo-femoral joint?

Answer 4

Head of femur and acetabulum of pelvis (lunate surface)

Question 5

What joint capsules and attachments are at the coxo-femoral joint?

Answer 5

Around the labrum, neck of femur - typical synovial joint but no collateral ligament

Question 6

What parts of the pelvis can you palpate?

Answer 6

Dorsal iliac cries/ wing of ilium, tuber sacral, tuber coxae, tuber ischium

Question 7

What parts of the femur can you palpate?

Answer 7

Greater trochanter

Question 8

What features support the coxo-femoral joint?

Answer 8

The ligament of the head of femur (round ligament)- attaches the fovea to the acetubular fossa. The surround muscle mass also supports

Question 9

What surgical approach should you take to the hip joint?

Answer 9

Remove the greater trochanter so muscle stars attached, perform survey, put greater trochanter back onto bone using pin

Question 10

How many heads does he gluteal muscle have and what are they called?

Answer 10

3- superficial, deep, middle

Question 11

Where does the gluteal originate and insert?

Answer 11

O= sacrum & pelvis on the gluteal surface
I= greater trochanter on the femur

Question 12

What type of movement does the gluteal carry out?

Answer 12

Abductor

Question 13

What nerve innovates the gluteal?

Answer 13

Gluteal nerve

Question 14

Where are the adductor muscles located?

Answer 14

Ventral to hip joint- origin on ventral surface of pelvis

Question 15

Where are the extrinsic adductor muscles located?

Answer 15

Ventral to hip joint- origin on ventral surface of pelvis

Question 16

Where do all the Extrinsic adductors insert?

Answer 16

Medial aspect of limb

Question 17

What muscles are the adductors of the hindlimb?

Answer 17

Gracilis, adductor, pectineus, external obturator

Question 18

What muscles are the extrinsic muscle adductors of the hindlimb?

Answer 18

Gracilis, adductor, pectineus, external obturator

Question 19

Where does the pectineus insert?

Answer 19

Femur

Question 20

What are the extrinsic limb protractors of the hindlimb?

Answer 20

Tensor fascia latae, iliopsoas muscle, sartorius, rectus femoris (1 head of 4 on quadriceps)

Question 21

Where does the tensor fascia originate and insert? What nerve innervates it?

Answer 21

Origin= ilium
Insert= fascia latae
Nerve= gluteal nerve

Question 22

Where does the iliopsoasmuscle origin and insert? What nerve innovates it?

Answer 22

Origin= lumbar region and ilium 
Insert= lesser trochanter of femur 
Nerve= femoral nerve

Question 23

Where does the sartorius originate, insert and what nerve supplies it?

Answer 23

Origin= ilium
Insert= femur (short head) and tibial tuberosity (long head)
Innervation= Femoral nerve

Question 24

Where does the rectus femoris originate, insert and what nerve innovates it?

Answer 24

Origin= ilium
Insert= Tibial tuberosity via particular ligament 
Innervation= Femoral nerve

Question 25

What is the difference between the Sartorius muscle in cats to other animals?

Answer 25

It only has one head in a cat but other animals it has 2

Question 26

What are the extrinsic limb retractors?

Answer 26

Biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus

Question 27

Where does the biceps femoris originate, insert and what is it innervated by?

Answer 27

Origin- tuber ishium Insert- fascia latae and calcaneus Innervated- sciatic nerve

Question 28

Where does the semitendinosus originate, insert and what innervates it?

Answer 28

Origin- Ischium Insertion- Tibia and Calcaneus via the common calcanean tendon Innervated by-sciatic nerve

Question 29

Where does the semimembranosus originate, insert and what innervates it?

Answer 29

Origin- ishium Insertion- femur & tibia Innervated by- sciatic nerve

Question 30

How many bellies does the semimembranosus muscle have?

Answer 30

2

Question 31

What is the femoral triangle?

Answer 31

.

Question 32

What type of bones are the tibia and fibula?

Answer 32

Long bones

Question 33

What is the main role of the tibia?

Answer 33

Weight bearing

Question 34

What aspect do you find fibula?

Answer 34

Lateral aspect

Question 35

What is the difference in the tibia and fibula to the ulna and radius?

Answer 35

Tibia and fibula have proximal and distal fibrous joints They have a larger rinterosseous space They have no rotation The bones do not wrap around each other

Question 36

What are the features of the proximal end of the tibia?

Answer 36

Possesses a triangular presentation in short axis sticking towards caudal aspect Tibial plate- possess a medial condyle and lateral condyle (on top of the bone) Intercondylar ridge between the 2 condyles rough bone surface for ligament attachment Tibial crest Tibial tuberosity- on cranial aspect where the patellar ligament inserts

Question 37

Where does the tibia attach with the femur?

Answer 37

The tibia plate with the medial and lateral condyles of the femur

Question 38

What are the features of the distal end of the tibia and fibula?

Answer 38

The base is oval in shape on the short axis Cochlea concave articular surface Medial Malleolus- prolongation on the medial aspect of the tibia Lateral Maleolus- lateral prolongation on the fibula

Question 39

What attaches to features on the distal aspect of the tibia and fibula?

Answer 39

Cochlea articulates with hock medial malleolus attaches with collateral ligament of hock (medial), lateral malleolus attaches to lateral collateral ligament of the hock

Question 40

What parts of the tibia and fibula can you palpate?

Answer 40

Tibial crest, medial and arterial malleolus

Question 41

How many centres of ossification does the tibia have and where are they?

Answer 41

4- proximal end, tibial tuberosity, body, distal end

Question 42

How many centres of ossification does the fibula have and where?

Answer 42

3- proximal end, body, distal end

Question 43

Where do hindlimb extrinsic muscles originate from?

Answer 43

The pelvic and axial skeleton