Dissociative Identity Disorder Flashcards
What are the major Dissociative Disorders
- Dissociative Identity Disorder
- Dissociative Amnesia
- Depersonalizations / Derealization Disorder
What happens in dissociative disorders?
There is a disruption or dissociation of the functions of identity, memory, or consciousness - Functions that normally combine to make us whole.
Dissociative Identity Disorder
- Referred to as split personality disorder
- When two or more personalities occupy one person
- Shifting of sexual orientations in quite common
In some cultures the transformation from one personality to another is known as ____________
Possession
Non western Clinic features of DID
- Nonepileptic seizures
- Paralysis
- Sensory Loss
What must be taken into consideration for making a diagnosis of DID
Norms of culture and religion
Experiences of possession that are culturally acceptable should not be considered for diagnosis DID: True or False
True
The mechanism of dissociation is controlled by
Unconscious
Diagnostic Criteria of DID
- Disruption of identity characterized by two or more distinct personality states, which may be described in some cultures as an experience of possession
- Recurrent gaps in the recall of everyday events, important personal information, and/or traumatic events that are inconsistent with ordinary forgetting
- The symptoms cause clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning
- The disturbance is not a part of a broadly accepted cultural or religious practice
- The symptoms are not attributable to the physiological effects of a substance
People with DID are highly _________ during childhood
Imaginative
Dissociative Identity Disorder is confused with __________
Schizophrenia
What is Dissociative Amnesia
A person becomes unable to recall important personal information, usually involving material relating to traumatic or stressful experiences that cannot be accounted for by simple forgetfulness
Memory loss in dissociative Amnesia is ______
Reversible
Most Dissociative Amnesias are ______
Localized (which means person cannot recall events for a number of hours or days after a stressful or traumatic events)
Forms to Dissociative Amnesia
- Localized Amnesia
- Selective Amnesia
- Generalized Amnesia
Localized Amnesia
They cannot remember hours or days during the traumatic event
Selective Amnesia
People forget only the disturbing particulars that take place during a certain time period
Generalized Amnesia
They forget their entrie life
Still know how to read
Malingering
Falsely claiming amnesia
Faking illness to avoid or escape work or other duties, or to obtain benefits
Deperonalization
- Involves a temporary loss or change in the usual sense of our own reality
- Feelings of unreality or detachment from one’s self or one’s body, as if one were a robot or functioning on automatic pilot or observing oneself from outside
Derealization
Loss of the sense of reality of one’s surroundings, experienced in terms of strange changes in one’s environment (e.g., people or objects changing size or shape) or in the sense of the passage of time
Diathesis - Stress Model
Severe stress increases chances for DID which is a survival mechanism to dissociate from the stress
Difference between Dissociative Amnesia and Deperosnalization
Amnesia is a fleeting experience which ends abruptly
Depersonalization can be recurrent and persistent, and they are most likely to occur when people are undergoing periods of mild anxiety or depression.
What do clinics focus on in treating depersonalization
Focus on managing anxiety or depression
What is traditional analysis aim at
Helping people with DID uncover and learn to cope with early childhood traumas
Somatic symptom and Related Disorders
Disorders in which people complain of physical (somatic) problems although no physical abnormality can be found
Functional Neurological Symptom Disorder (Conversion Disorder)
- Characterized by symptoms or deficits that affect the ability to control voluntary movements
- Individual might experience tremors, having difficulty articulating, or may not be able to raise their voice
- The symptoms comes on when an individual is in stressful environments
Diagnostic Criteria for Conversion Disorder (Functional Neurological Symptom Disorder
- One or more symptoms of altered voluntary motor or sensory function
- Clinical findings provide evidence of incompatibility between the symptom and recognized neurological or medical conditions
- The symptom of deficit is not better explained by another medical or mental disorder
- The symptom or deficit causes clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other areas of functioning or warrants medical evaluation
How was Functional neurological symptom disorder named
- Psychodynamic belief that it represents the channeling or conversion of repressed sexual or aggressive energies into physical symptoms
La belle indifference
French term describing the lack of concern over one’s symptoms displayed by some people with functional neurological symptom disorder but also by people with real physical disorders
Illness Anxiety Disorder
Preoccupation or fear that relatively minor or mild symptoms are signs of a serious undiagnosed illness
Two subtypes of illness anxiety disorder
- Care avoidant
- Care seeking
Care avoidant
Applies to people who postpone or avoid medical visits or lab tests because of high levels of anxiety about what might be discovered
Care seeking
Describes people who go doctor shopping, basically jumping from doctor to doctor to get validation they are fine. These individuals might get angry at doctors.
Somatic Symptom Disorder
A disorder involving one or more somatic symptoms that cause excessive concern to the extent that it affects the individuals thoughts, feelings and behaviours in daily life
At what age does illness anxiety start
Early to middle adulthood
At what age does somatic symptom order start
Adolescence to young adulthood
Facetious Disorder
Type of psychological disorder characterized by the intentional fabrication of psychological or physical symptoms for no apparent gain
