Dissection: Scalp and Face Flashcards
What are the muscles of facial expression?
- Orbicularis Oculi,
- Corrugator Supercilii,
- Nasalis (transverse and alar),
- Procerus,
- Depressor septi nasi,
- Orbicularis oris,
- Buccinator
- Lower group of oral muscles (depressor anguli oris, depressor labii inferioris and mentalis),
- Upper group of oral muscles (risorius, zygomaticus major, zygomaticus minor, levator labii superioris, levator labii superioris alaeque nasi and levator anguli oris).
What is the innervation of the muscles of fascial expression?
All via the 5 branches of the fascial nerve;
- Temporal branch supplies frontalis, orbicularis oculi and corrugator supercilii.
- Zygomatic branch supplies orbicularis oculi.
- Buccal branches supply orbicularis oris, buccinator and zygomaticus.
- Manginal mandibular branches suplly mentalis, depressor labii inferioris, depressor anguli oris.
- Cervical branches supply platysma.
What are the different parts of orbicularis oculi
Palpebral part (gently closes the eyelids), Lacrimal part (involved in drainage of tears) and orbital part (tightly closes eyelids)
What are the muscles of mastication and their innervation?
Masseter, Temporalis, medial pterygoid and lateral pterygoid.
Innervated by the mandibular branch of trigeminal nerve. They attach onto the mandible
Label the following diagram
See attached
What are the foramina in the mandible and what runs through them?
Mandibular formen - Conduit for inferior alveolar nerve and inferior alveolar artery.
Mental foramen - Sits below second premolar tooth. Allows for exit of inferior alveolar nerve and artery. When the inferior alveolar nerves passes through the foramen it becomes the mental nerve
What are the actions of the muscles of mastication?
Massester - Elevation of mandible, closing the mouth.
Temporalis - Elevates the mandible and retracts the mandible.
Medial Pterygoid -Elevates the mandible.
Lateral pterygoid - When acting together they will protract the mandible. Unilateral action produces side to side movement
What are the branches of the mandibular branch of trigeminal nerve?
- Auriculotemporal nerve,
- Buccal nerve,
- Inferior alveolar nerve,
- lingual nerve (also acts as a conduit for special sensory and autonomic fibres of the chorda tympani, a branch of the facial nerve)
What structures pass through the parotid gland?
Facial nerve, external carotid artery and the retromandibular vein
Describe the innervation of the parotid gland
Sensory information is by auriculotemporal nerve which carries parasympathetic fibres from the glossopharyngeal nerve. Goes to supply the gland. The fascia of the parotid gland is supplied by the great auricular nerve (C2,C3)
What are the branches of the maxillary branch of trigeminal nerve?
- Infraorbital,
- Zygomatic,
- Zygomaticofacial (terminal branch),
- Palatine,
- Superior alveolar
What are the branches of the ophthalmic nerve of the trigeminal nerve
- Frontal nerve (gives off supraorbital and supratrochlear)
- Lacrimal (recieves parasympathetic fibres of facial nerve).
- Nasociliary nerve (gives off anterior ethmoid, posterior ethmoid, infratrochlear, and long ciliary nerves.)
Label the following diagram
See image
What is the danger triangle of the face?
Area from the corners of the mouth to the bridge of the nose. Important as spread of infection can occur through here
Label the following diagram
see
