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Seminar on Current Trends > Dispelling the myths of viral infections: Management of Ebola Virus Disease and Monkeypox (Mpox) > Flashcards

Dispelling the myths of viral infections: Management of Ebola Virus Disease and Monkeypox (Mpox) Flashcards

1
Q

Dispelling the myths of viral infections: Management of Ebola Virus Disease and Monkeypox (Mpox). Who is the speaker?

a. Ofelia Solem
b. Jennifer Aying
c. Warly Remegio
d. Teresita Medina

A

Ofelia Solem

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2
Q

Chain of infection

A
  • Infectious agent
  • Reservoir
  • Portal of exit
  • Mode of transmission
  • Portal of entry
  • Susceptible host
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3
Q

6 kinds of ebola virus and their specific species

A
  1. Ebola virus (species Zaire ebolavirus)
  2. Sudan virus (species Sudan ebolavirus)
  3. Tal Forest virus (species Tal Forest ebolavirus
    formerly Cote D’Ivoire ebolavirus)
  4. Bundibugyo virus (species Bundibugyo
    ebolavirus)
  5. Reston virus (species Reston ebolavirus)
  6. Bombali virus (species Bombali ebolavirus
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4
Q

Ebola Virus Disease or formerly known as ____ is a rare but severe often fatal illness in humans. It also affects nonhuman primates such as ____, ____, ____.

A
  • Viral Hemorrhagic Fever
  • monkeys, gorillas, chimpanzees
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5
Q

The first link of Ebola infection is the ____

A

infectious agent

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6
Q

Among the 6 ebola virus species, which 4 are the infectious ones?

a. Ebola virus (species Zaire ebolavirus)
b. Sudan virus (species Sudan ebolavirus)
c. Tal Forest virus (species Tal Forest ebolavirus formerly Cote D’Ivoire ebolavirus)
d. Bundibugyo virus (species Bundibugyo ebolavirus)
e. Reston virus (species Reston ebolavirus)
f. Bombali virus (species Bombali ebolavirus)

A
  • Zaire
  • Sudan
  • Tai Forest
  • Bundibugyo
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7
Q

____ year first Ebola Infection at Equateur Province, now DRC

A

1976

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8
Q

What is the reservoir of the ebola virus?

A

Bats

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9
Q

What if the portal of exit for ebola virus?

A
  • GI, GU tract
  • Shed their waste such as urine and feces
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10
Q

What is the mode of transmission of ebola virus?

A

Direct contact (ex. direct contact of blood and body fluids (urine, feces))

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11
Q

What if the portal of entry for ebola virus?

A
  • GI
  • Skin/mucous membrane
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12
Q

What are the susceptible host for ebola virus?

A

animal or human

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13
Q

A person with signs and symptoms compatible with Ebola disease and epidemiological risk factor within ____ days before onset of symptoms

A

21 days

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14
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of ebola suspect

A
  • Fever =/>100.4
  • HA, muscle and joint pain
  • Weakness, fatigue, loss of appetite
  • GI symptoms including abdominal pain, diarrhea, vomiting
  • Red eyes, skin rash, hiccups, unexplained bleeding and bruising
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15
Q

What are the possible risks/causes of contracting ebola virus?

A
  • Contact with symptomatic person with suspected or confirmed Ebola disease or any objects contaminated by their body fluids
  • Experiencing a breach in infection prevention and control precautions that resulted in the potential for contact with body fluids of a patient with suspected or confirmed Ebola disease
  • Contact with semen from a man who has recovered from Ebola disease
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16
Q

____ is the diagnostic test of choice for ebola virus

A

Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)

17
Q

In ebola, does doing RT-PCR test before 72 hours mean you can rule out the disease?

A

No, it needs to be >72 hours to rule out ebola

18
Q

2 treatment for ebola vrius are ____ and ____

A
  1. Inmazeb- combination of 3 monoclonal antibodies
  2. Ebanga- single monoclonal antibody
19
Q

____ is a single dose vaccine effective against Zaire ebolavirus

A

Ervebo

20
Q

For contact precautions, what are the necessary things/procedure to have/do?

A
  • private room
  • PPE-gown
  • gloves
  • dedicated equipment
  • disinfect room focus high touched area
  • limit transport
21
Q

For droplet precautions, what are the necessary things/procedure to have/do?

A
  • private room
  • PPE-mask
  • mask patient if transport outside room
  • resp hygiene
22
Q

For a airborne precautions, what are the necessary things/procedure to have/do?

A
  • AIIR (Airborne Infection Isolation Room)
  • PPE-N95
  • limit transport
  • mask patient
  • restrict susceptible HCP (certain disease)
23
Q

What are the needed things/procedures in managing clinically STABLE or don’t have bleeding, vomiting or diarrhea ebola patient?

A
  • Gown- fluid-resistant gown that extends to at least mid-calf or fluid-resistant coveralls without integrated hood
  • Full face shield
  • Facemask
  • Gloves with extended cuffs: Two pairs of gloves should be worn and at a minimum, outer gloves should have extended cuffs
24
Q

What are the needed things/procedures in managing clinically UNSTABLE or have bleeding, vomiting or diarrhea ebola patient?

A
  • Impermeable gown or impermeable overall
  • Respiratory head and face protection
  • PAPR with full-face covering and head-shroud or N95 respirator in combination with surgical hood extending to shoulders and full face shield
  • Gloves with extended cuffs. Two pairs of gloves should be worn. At a minimum, outer gloves should have extended cuffs
  • Boot cover or shoe cover (when wearing coveralls with integrated shoe cover)
  • Apron
25
Q

Protocols for ebola infection prevention

A
  • Identify
  • Isolate
  • Inform
26
Q

2 genetic clades of mpox virus

A
  1. Central African (Congo Basin) clade
  2. West African clade
27
Q

MONKEYPOX

Virus reservoir?

A

African rodents and nonhuman primates

28
Q

MONKEYPOX

Portal of exit?

A
  • Blood, GU, GI, Resp tract
29
Q

MONKEYPOX

Mode of transmission?

A
  • Animal bites or scratches, handling wild game or contact with infected animal product
  • Direct close personal skin to skin contact with mpox rash and scabs including saliva, upper respiratory secretions (snot, mucus) and areas around the anus, rectum or vagina
  • Direct contacts with objects and surfaces that have been used by a person with mpox
  • Spread to fetus during pregnancy or to newborn during and after birth
  • Possible that people with mpox can spread it to animals through close contacts
30
Q

MONKEYPOX

Portal of entry

A

Blood, Resp tract, Skin/mucous membrane

31
Q

MONKEYPOX

Susceptible Host

A

animals, human

32
Q

MONKEYPOX

Most susceptible hosts?

A
  • Immunocompromised
  • Pregnant
  • With atopic dermatitis or eczema
  • Young children under 8 years old
33
Q

MONKEYPOX

Incubation period without symptoms? How long does illness lasts?

A

Incubation period- 3-17 days (no symptoms);
illness lasts 2-4 weeks

34
Q

____ or next generation sequencing in a clinical specimen or isolation of mpox virus in culture from a clinical specimen

A

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing

35
Q

____ during prodromal stage can be a clinical feature to distinguish mpox from chickenpox or smallpox

A

Lymphadenopathy

36
Q

MONKEYPOX TREATMENT

____ and ____: include hydration, nutritional supplementation and prevention of secondary infections

A

Supportive care and pain control

37
Q

MONKEYPOX TREATMENT

____ an antiviral medication FDA approved as investigational New Drug or compassionate use for the treatment of mpox

A

Tecovirimat (TPOXX)

38
Q

____ a 2 dose vaccine approved for the prevention of smallpox and mpox for high risk population

A

JYNNEOS

39
Q

____ is a 1 dose vaccine- approved for immunization against smallpox and mpox for high risk population

A

ACAM2000

Seminar on Current Trends (5 decks)

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