DISP Final Exam 2: Cell Division II

Question 1

A segment of DNA (specifi nucleotide sequence) that is involved in producing a polypeptide chain

Answer 1

Gene

Question 2

An alternative forms of a gene are called an:_____. DNA sequence differs by at lead one nucleotide. A diploid individual has 1 or 2 different forms.

Answer 2

Allele

Question 3

Reproductive process by which a single parent reproduces by making an exact copy via mitosis.

Answer 3

Asexual

Question 4

A reproductive process that involves two parents that combine their genetic material to form a zygote and a new organism, which differs from both parents.

Answer 4

Sexual

Question 5

The process that occurs in the formation of sex cells (sperm and egg) by which the number of chromosomes is reduced by half. 2 divisions that produce N from 2N.

Answer 5

Meosis

Question 6

Process by which gametes are produced through the combination of meiosis and other maturational changes

Answer 6

Gametogenesis

Question 7

The series of changes of growth and development of an organism

Answer 7

Lifecycle

Question 8

an organism or cell having two sets of chromosomes or twice the haploid number

Answer 8

diploid

Question 9

the process by which living organisms make more organisms from existing ones.

Answer 9

Reprodution

Question 10

A form of asexual reproduction in single-celled organisms by which one cell divides into two cells of the same size

Answer 10

Binary fission

Question 11

Asexual reproduction in which a part of the parent (multicellular) organism pinches off and forms a new organism. Often done by plants (Aka. Vegetative Reproduction)

Answer 11

Budding

Question 12

A means of asexual reproduction whereby a single parent breaks into parts that regenerate into whole new individuals.

Answer 12

Fragmentation

Question 13

Asexual reproduction in which females produce offspring from unfertilized eggs. Meiosis and gamete production occur, but eggs divide mitotically without cytokinesis to produce a diploid cell. Syngamy does not occur. Essentially self cloning.

Answer 13

Parthenogenesis

Question 14

1. Chromosomes are replicated.

Answer 14

Binary Fission

Question 15

A temporary union of two organisms for the purpose of DNA transfer, not associated with reproduction & does not result in new individuals, but results in adaptation and diversification.

Answer 15

Conjugation

Question 16

________s reproduce via fragmentation

Answer 16

Flatworms

Question 17

Flatworms (Planaria) reproduce via _______.

Answer 17

fragmentation

Question 18

cells that are important in regeneration of of planaria and are the only dividing cells in planaria; they can become any cell the planarian needs (Highly undifferentiated totipotent stem cell)

Answer 18

Neoblast

Question 19

The fusion of two gametes in fertilization.

Answer 19

Syngamy

Question 20

Aphid “Stem Mother” produces mostly females by ________ during the summer

Answer 20

Parthenogenesis

Question 21

one female behaves as a male and attempts to mate with another female (occurs in lab conditions and some parthenogens)

Answer 21

Pseudocopulation

Question 22

Always gives birth to identical twins or quadruplets. unique among mammals.

Answer 22

Armadillo

Question 23

Overly scientific term for a penis.

Answer 23

Intromittent organ

Question 24

Chromosomes in a diploid cell that contain different alleles for the same trait at corresponding loci.

Answer 24

homologous chromosomes

Question 25

Homologous chromosomes separate

Answer 25

Meiosis I

Question 26

Division/separation of sister chromatids

Answer 26

Meiosis II

Question 27

Crossing over between non-sister chromatids, no nuclear envelope, centrosomes move poleward

Answer 27

Prophase I

Question 28

Homologous chromosomes are in pairs along metaphase plate, attached to kinetochore MT's.

Answer 28

Metaphase I

Question 29

Homologous chromosomes move to opposite poles

Answer 29

Anaphase I

Question 30

Two haploid cells, containing paired sister chromatids

Answer 30

Telophase I

Question 31

Centrosomes move towards poles

Answer 31

Prophase II

Question 32

Chromosomes align at metaphase plate & are attached to kinetochore microtubues

Answer 32

Metaphase II

Question 33

Sister chromatids separate; move to poles

Answer 33

Anaphase II

Question 34

Nuclei form

Answer 34

Telophase II

Question 35

the random distribution of the pairs of genes on different chromosomes to the gametes

Answer 35

Independent Assortment

Question 36

Process in which homologous chromosomes exchange portions of their chromatids (alleles) during meiosis. Occurs in Prophase I.

Answer 36

Crossing over

Question 37

Point at which chromatids break and rejoin in crossing over.

Answer 37

Chiasma

Question 38

Formation of sperm. happens in seminiferous tubules of the testes.

Answer 38

Spermatogenesis

Question 39

Sperm is produced in the _______ tubules of the testes.

Answer 39

seminiferous

Question 40

Egg production

Answer 40

oogenesis

Question 41

Egg production happens in the _____ of a female.

Answer 41

Ovary

Question 42

Stem cells that seed the gonads. They will become become sperm or eggs.

Answer 42

Primordial Germ Cell

Question 43

Meiosis results in __ egg cells.

Answer 43

1

Question 44

Meiosis results in __ sperm cells.

Answer 44

4

Question 45

Sperm are produced ___________. (when?)

Answer 45

Continuously

Question 46

Eggs are produced ___________. (Meiosis I, when?)

Answer 46

Early in life

Question 47

A _________ period for oogenesis occurs between birth and puberty.

Answer 47

resting

Question 48

A _________ period for oogenesis occurs between ovulation and fertilization.

Answer 48

...

Question 49

Females of some species can ____ sperm until needed.

Answer 49

store

Question 50

Sex leaves fewer ________ for a given amount of resources.

Answer 50

descendents

Question 51

Sex: offspring are only __% similar, rather than 100%.

Answer 51

50

Question 52

More offspring, more genetically similar and not having to find a mate are all advantages of ________ reproduction.

Answer 52

asexual

Question 53

More genetically similar is a disadvantage of _______ reproduction.

Answer 53

asexual

Question 54

Hypothesis: Benefit of asexual reproduction depends on how variable the _______ ________ are.

Answer 54

environmental conditions

Question 55

Sexual reproduction results in _______ genetic combinations of offspring.

Answer 55

infinite

Question 56

Mutations _______ in asexual reproduction.

Answer 56

acumulate

Question 57

Cloned offspring become _____ over generations.

Answer 57

weaker

Question 58

Sex determination of turtles depends on the ______ at which the eggs incubate.

Answer 58

tempreature

Question 59

Sex determination of some fish depends on the water temperature and ___.

Answer 59

pH

Question 60

In some species, the females can develop into males if the dominant male dies. This is called sex determination via _______ ________.

Answer 60

Social Interactions

Question 61

Some species of groupers begin as female then change into males when they reach a certain _____.

Answer 61

size

Question 62

Having male and female reproductive organs in separate plants or animals

Answer 62

dioecious

Question 63

having male and female reproductive organs in the same plant or animal

Answer 63

monoecious

Question 64

An individual that functions as both male and female in sexual reproduction by producing both sperm and eggs.

Answer 64

hermaphrodite