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DISP Final Exam - Biology > DISP Final Exam 2: Cell Division II > Flashcards

DISP Final Exam 2: Cell Division II Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

A segment of DNA (specifi nucleotide sequence) that is involved in producing a polypeptide chain

A

Gene

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2
Q

An alternative forms of a gene are called an:_____. DNA sequence differs by at lead one nucleotide. A diploid individual has 1 or 2 different forms.

A

Allele

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3
Q

Reproductive process by which a single parent reproduces by making an exact copy via mitosis.

A

Asexual

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4
Q

A reproductive process that involves two parents that combine their genetic material to form a zygote and a new organism, which differs from both parents.

A

Sexual

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5
Q

The process that occurs in the formation of sex cells (sperm and egg) by which the number of chromosomes is reduced by half. 2 divisions that produce N from 2N.

A

Meosis

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6
Q

Process by which gametes are produced through the combination of meiosis and other maturational changes

A

Gametogenesis

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7
Q

The series of changes of growth and development of an organism

A

Lifecycle

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8
Q

an organism or cell having two sets of chromosomes or twice the haploid number

A

diploid

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9
Q

the process by which living organisms make more organisms from existing ones.

A

Reprodution

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10
Q

A form of asexual reproduction in single-celled organisms by which one cell divides into two cells of the same size

A

Binary fission

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11
Q

Asexual reproduction in which a part of the parent (multicellular) organism pinches off and forms a new organism. Often done by plants (Aka. Vegetative Reproduction)

A

Budding

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12
Q

A means of asexual reproduction whereby a single parent breaks into parts that regenerate into whole new individuals.

A

Fragmentation

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13
Q

Asexual reproduction in which females produce offspring from unfertilized eggs. Meiosis and gamete production occur, but eggs divide mitotically without cytokinesis to produce a diploid cell. Syngamy does not occur. Essentially self cloning.

A

Parthenogenesis

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14
Q
  1. Chromosomes are replicated.
A

Binary Fission

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15
Q

A temporary union of two organisms for the purpose of DNA transfer, not associated with reproduction & does not result in new individuals, but results in adaptation and diversification.

A

Conjugation

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16
Q

________s reproduce via fragmentation

A

Flatworms

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17
Q

Flatworms (Planaria) reproduce via _______.

A

fragmentation

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18
Q

cells that are important in regeneration of of planaria and are the only dividing cells in planaria; they can become any cell the planarian needs (Highly undifferentiated totipotent stem cell)

A

Neoblast

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19
Q

The fusion of two gametes in fertilization.

A

Syngamy

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20
Q

Aphid “Stem Mother” produces mostly females by ________ during the summer

A

Parthenogenesis

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21
Q

one female behaves as a male and attempts to mate with another female (occurs in lab conditions and some parthenogens)

A

Pseudocopulation

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22
Q

Always gives birth to identical twins or quadruplets. unique among mammals.

A

Armadillo

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23
Q

Overly scientific term for a penis.

A

Intromittent organ

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24
Q

Chromosomes in a diploid cell that contain different alleles for the same trait at corresponding loci.

A

homologous chromosomes

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25
Q

Homologous chromosomes separate

A

Meiosis I

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26
Q

Division/separation of sister chromatids

A

Meiosis II

27
Q

Crossing over between non-sister chromatids, no nuclear envelope, centrosomes move poleward

A

Prophase I

28
Q

Homologous chromosomes are in pairs along metaphase plate, attached to kinetochore MT’s.

A

Metaphase I

29
Q

Homologous chromosomes move to opposite poles

A

Anaphase I

30
Q

Two haploid cells, containing paired sister chromatids

A

Telophase I

31
Q

Centrosomes move towards poles

A

Prophase II

32
Q

Chromosomes align at metaphase plate & are attached to kinetochore microtubues

A

Metaphase II

33
Q

Sister chromatids separate; move to poles

A

Anaphase II

34
Q

Nuclei form

A

Telophase II

35
Q

the random distribution of the pairs of genes on different chromosomes to the gametes

A

Independent Assortment

36
Q

Process in which homologous chromosomes exchange portions of their chromatids (alleles) during meiosis. Occurs in Prophase I.

A

Crossing over

37
Q

Point at which chromatids break and rejoin in crossing over.

A

Chiasma

38
Q

Formation of sperm. happens in seminiferous tubules of the testes.

A

Spermatogenesis

39
Q

Sperm is produced in the _______ tubules of the testes.

A

seminiferous

40
Q

Egg production

A

oogenesis

41
Q

Egg production happens in the _____ of a female.

A

Ovary

42
Q

Stem cells that seed the gonads. They will become become sperm or eggs.

A

Primordial Germ Cell

43
Q

Meiosis results in __ egg cells.

A

1

44
Q

Meiosis results in __ sperm cells.

A

4

45
Q

Sperm are produced ___________. (when?)

A

Continuously

46
Q

Eggs are produced ___________. (Meiosis I, when?)

A

Early in life

47
Q

A _________ period for oogenesis occurs between birth and puberty.

A

resting

48
Q

A _________ period for oogenesis occurs between ovulation and fertilization.

A

…

49
Q

Females of some species can ____ sperm until needed.

A

store

50
Q

Sex leaves fewer ________ for a given amount of resources.

A

descendents

51
Q

Sex: offspring are only __% similar, rather than 100%.

A

50

52
Q

More offspring, more genetically similar and not having to find a mate are all advantages of ________ reproduction.

A

asexual

53
Q

More genetically similar is a disadvantage of _______ reproduction.

A

asexual

54
Q

Hypothesis: Benefit of asexual reproduction depends on how variable the _______ ________ are.

A

environmental conditions

55
Q

Sexual reproduction results in _______ genetic combinations of offspring.

A

infinite

56
Q

Mutations _______ in asexual reproduction.

A

acumulate

57
Q

Cloned offspring become _____ over generations.

A

weaker

58
Q

Sex determination of turtles depends on the ______ at which the eggs incubate.

A

tempreature

59
Q

Sex determination of some fish depends on the water temperature and ___.

A

pH

60
Q

In some species, the females can develop into males if the dominant male dies. This is called sex determination via _______ ________.

A

Social Interactions

61
Q

Some species of groupers begin as female then change into males when they reach a certain _____.

A

size

62
Q

Having male and female reproductive organs in separate plants or animals

A

dioecious

63
Q

having male and female reproductive organs in the same plant or animal

A

monoecious

64
Q

An individual that functions as both male and female in sexual reproduction by producing both sperm and eggs.

A

hermaphrodite

DISP Final Exam - Biology (4 decks)

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