DISP Final Exam 2: The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

Question 1

point on the chromosome where the gene is found

Answer 1

loci

Question 2

A threadlike, gene-carrying structure found in the nucleus. Each ________ consists of one very long DNA molecule and associated proteins.

Answer 2

chromosome

Question 3

Chromosomes that have the same sequence of genes and the same structure

Answer 3

homologous chromosome

Question 4

Cell division that produces reproductive cells in sexually reproducing organisms

Answer 4

meiosis

Question 5

A haploid cell such as an egg or sperm. Gametes unite during sexual reproduction to produce a diploid zygote.

Answer 5

gamete

Question 6

traits that are inherited with sex chromosomes

Answer 6

Sex linked traits

Question 7

Genes located close enough together on a chromosome that they tend to be inherited together.

Answer 7

Linked genes

Question 8

Determination of the relative positions of genes on a DNA molecule (chromosome or plasmid) and of the distance, in linkage units or physical units, between them.

Answer 8

Gene mapping

Question 9

During the development of the female embryo, one of the two X chromosomes in each cell remains coiled as a Barr body whose genes are not expressed. A cell expresses the alleles of the active X chromosome only

Answer 9

X inactivation

Question 10

traits that follow complicated patterns of inheritance do to polygenic determinance and various patterns of “penetrance” (kind of like dominance/recessiveness, but more complex)

Answer 10

Non-mendelian inheritance

Question 11

Conditions in which a child has too few, too many, or incomplete chromosomes because of errors in the formation of sperm or ova.

Answer 11

Chromosome abnormalities

Question 12

_______ first described mitosis & chromatin (stainable material) in the late 1800’s.

Answer 12

Flemming

Question 13

TH Morgan did experiments on _____ ______. (Black bellied dew lovers) He was interested in their body colors & their eye colors.

Answer 13

Fruit flies

Question 14

Gene map distance of 1 unit = __

Answer 14

1

Question 15

An error in meiosis or mitosis in which members of a pair of homologous chromosomes or a pair of sister chromatids fail to separate properly from each other.

Answer 15

nondisjunction

Question 16

A chromosomal aberration in which one or more chromosomes are present in extra copies or are deficient in number.

Answer 16

Aneuploidy

Question 17

A dense object lying along the inside of the nuclear envelope in female mammalian cells, representing an inactivated X chromosome.

Answer 17

Barr body