Disorders part 1

Question 1

Dementia

Answer 1

Brain syndrome that causes progressive deterioration and function

Question 2

Common causes of delirium

Answer 2

1. Drug effect
2. Toxic substances
3. Metabolic
4. Infections
5. AIDS
6. Traumatic brain injury
7. Post surgery

Question 3

Features of Charles Bonnet syndrome

Answer 3

Usually occurs in people with mild to moderate dementia

Involves hallucinations of inanimate objects coming to life

Question 4

Features of hallucinations with delirium

Answer 4

1. usually visual
2. Nonsystemized
3. Somatic

Question 5

Features of nonsystemized delusions

Answer 5

No built up story around them

Question 6

Symptoms of clouding of consciousness

Answer 6

1. In and out of reality
2. confused state
3. dreamlike

Question 7

Clinical features of delirium

Answer 7

1. Clouding of consciousness
2. Restless/agitation
3. Lethargy/unresponsive ness
4. Nonsystemized delusions
5. Hallucinations
6. Emotion:fear
7. Thought and speech slow and disorganized

Question 8

Multi-infaret dementia (MID)

Answer 8

1. Progressive
2. Step wise progression
3. If caught in early stages can be slowed
4. Treat by lowering risk factors

Question 9

Cortical atrophy of Alzheimer’s

Answer 9

1. Looks like cerebral cortex is shrinking
2. Build up of amyloid plaques
3. Cholingegic neurons effected first

Question 10

Features of dementia

Answer 10

1. Presents after age 40 and 50
2. The earlier it presents the more rapidly it progresses
3. More common in females
4. Some forms are inherited
5. Individuals with down syndrome develop Alzheimer’s like changes in their brain mid age
6. Language problems occur very early
7. Average course of disease is about 7 years

Question 11

Symptoms of restlessness/agitation

Answer 11

1. May be fearful

2. Formication (illusion of insects/rats/bugs crawling on ones body

Question 12

Definition of sub cortical dementias

Answer 12

1. Phrenia-mid

2. Caudal-tail/near posterior of body

Question 13

Characteristics of sub cortical dementias

Answer 13

1. Don’t involve cerebral cortex

2. Don’t get prominent aphasias until late stages

Question 14

Brain regions involved in sub cortical dementias

Answer 14

1. Thalamus
2. Basal ganglia
3. Brain stem

Question 15

General signs of sub cortical dementias

Answer 15

1. Emotional liability then proceeds apathy, depression, slowing of cognition, lack of spontaneous movement/activity
2. Memory issues
3. Insight to disability is preserved
4. Impaired organizational planning
5. Functional impairment diminished by emotional impairment

Question 16

Parkinson’s

Answer 16

1. Involves basal ganglia
2. Affects the sustania nigra, the dopamine factory
3. Resting tremor, lessening of spontaneous movement, gait

Question 17

Stage 3 of Alzheimer’s

Answer 17

1. True agnosias, apraxias, aphasias
2. Decrease in spontaneous speech
3. Comprehension deficit, echolalia
4. Compulsive behaviors
5. Corphological (imaginary lent)
6. Babinotou reflex

Question 18

Three predictors of conduct disorders

Answer 18

1. Enuresis (bed wetting at inappropriate age)
2. Fire setting (pyromania)
3. Cruel to animals

Question 19

Reading disorder

Answer 19

1. Disorder of expression
2. Not illiterate
3. Unable to it and absurb information

Question 20

Writing disorder

Answer 20

1. Dyslexia (trouble distinguishing letters)

2. Sentence comprehension