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Patho > Disorders Of WBC and RBC > Flashcards

Disorders Of WBC and RBC Flashcards

1
Q

The primary chemotherapeutic drug for ALL? Side effect?

A

Asparginase (Pancreatitis)

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2
Q

Used as delivery vehicle to sanctuary sites of ALL?

A

Ommaya Reservoir

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3
Q

Most common cancer in children?

A

Acute lymphoblastic Leukemia

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4
Q

Leukemia in adults 15-39 y.o?

A

AML

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5
Q

Distinctive peroxidase positive, needle like azurophilic granules present in AML?

A

Auer rods

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6
Q

Caused by translocation t15:17?

A

Acute promyelocytic leukemia

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7
Q

Acute promyelocytic leukemia is highly responsive to what vitamin?

A

All-trans retinoic acid

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8
Q

Associated with t9:22; Philadelphia chromosome

A

Chronic Myelogenous leukemia (BCR-ABL fusion gene)

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9
Q

Scattered macrophages with abundant wrinkled, green blue cytoplasm? Seen in what condition?

A

Sea-blue histiocytes. CML

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10
Q

WHO criteria for Blast crisis?

A
  1. > 20% myeloblast or lymphoblast in blood or BM
  2. Large cluster of blasts in BM biopsy
  3. Development of Chloroma
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11
Q

What is the chemotherapeutic drug of choice for CML? Side effects?

A

Imatinib

Fluid retention, CHF

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12
Q

Most common leukemia of adults and elderly?

A

Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia

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13
Q

Differentiate CLL from SLL.

A

CLL if absolute lymphocyte count > 4000

SLL if absolute lymphocyte count is

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14
Q

Small lymphocytes disrupted in the process of making smears? Characteristic of what condition?

A

Smudge cells. CLL

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15
Q

Transformation of CML into diffuse large B cell lymphoma

A

Ritcher syndrome

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16
Q

The only NHL associated with EBV infection?

A

Burkitt’s Lymphoma

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17
Q

These are large cells with multiple or single nuclei with multiple nuclear lobes and each half a mirror image of the other? What condition?

A

Reed-Sternberg Cells in Hodgkin’s lymphoma

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18
Q

The type of Hodgkin’s Lymphoma not associated with EBV?

A

Nodular Sclerosis

Lymphocytic Predominant type

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19
Q

Type of Hodgkin’s lymphoma with a poor prognosis?

A

Lymphocyte depleted type

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20
Q

Type of Hodgkin’s Lymphoma characterized with nodular infiltrate of small lymphocytes admixed with macrophages? Characteristic cells?

A

Lymphocyte- Predominant

Popcorn cells

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21
Q

Condition associated with t14;18 involving the BCL2?

A

Follicular Lymphoma

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22
Q

The most common form of NHL?

A

Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma

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23
Q

Associated with t8;14?

A

Burkitt’s Lymphoma

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24
Q

Characteristic morphologic pattern seen in Burkitt’s lymphoma?

A

Starry sky pattern

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25
Q

Associated with t11;14?

A

Mantle cell Lymphoma

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26
Q

Neoplasm of CD4+ T cells caused by HTLV-1? Characteristic cell?

A

Adult T-cell Lymphoma

Cloverleaf or Flower cells

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27
Q

Diffuse erythema and scaling of the entire body associated with Mycosis Fungiodes?

A

Sezary Syndrome

28
Q

Excess light or heavy chains with complete Igs synthesized by neoplastic plasma cells that are excreted in the urine?

A

Bence- Jones Proteins

29
Q

Mutiple Myeloma Morphology

A 
Plasmacytoma (punched out lesions)
Flame cells
Mott cells
Russell bodies (pink)
Dutcher bodies (blue)
Rouleaux conformation (stack of coins)
30
Q

Hallmark of Primary Myelofibrosis.

A

Development of obliterative marrow fibrosis

31
Q

Pentalaminar tubules with dilated terminal ends (tennis-racket) containing langerin protein? What condition?

A

Birbeck granules in Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis

32
Q

Type of hemolysis wherein the defects are inherent to the RBCs.

A

Intrinsic Hemolysis

33
Q

Differentiate intravascular from extravascular hemolysis.

A

Extravascular has Splenomegaly

34
Q

Small hyperchromic RBC laking central pallor.

A

Spherocytes

35
Q

Caused by mutations of ankyrin, band 3, spectrin and band 4.2 which renders the RBCs less deformable?

A

Hereditary Spherocytosis

36
Q

Presents with prominent reticulocytosis in the peripheral blood.

A

Hemolytic anemia

37
Q

Small dark nuclear remnants present in RBCs of asplenic patients. What condition?

A

Howell-Jolly Bodies

Hereditary spherocytosis

38
Q

This is a condition wherein there is reduced ability of RBCs to protect themselves from oxidative injuries leading to hemolysis.

A

G6PD deficiency

39
Q

G6PD is the rate limiting step of which biochemical pathway? Function of enzyme?

A

Pentose Phosphate pathway

Reduces NAD to NADPH

40
Q
  1. Membrane-bound precipitates on denatured globin chains.
  2. RBC with damaged membranes due to removal of no 1 by splenic macrophages
    What condition?
A
  1. Heinz bodies
  2. Bite cells
    G6PD deficiency
41
Q

Pathogenesis of sickle cell anemia.

A

Point mutation at 6th codon of B-globin ( replacement of Glutamate with Valine)

42
Q

These are dehydrated RBC cells with bull’s eye apperance. What condition?

A

Target cells

Sickle cell anemia; Thalassemia

43
Q

A condition characterized by chipmunk facies and crewcut skull apperance.

A

Sickle cell anemia

Thalassemia

44
Q

What is the initial diagnostic text for Sickle cell anemia? Gold standard test?

A

Peripheral Blood smear

Hemoglobin electrophoresis

45
Q

What is the drug of choice for sickle cell anemia?

A

Hydroxyurea (increases HbF)

46
Q

Type of Alpha Thalassemia characterized by deletion of 3 alpha-globin genes.

A

Hemoglobin H disease

47
Q

The most sever form of Alpha thalassemia?

A

Hydrops fetalis (HbBarts)

48
Q

A disease of RBCs wherein it completely lacks HbA leading to transfusion dependence.

A

Beta-Thalassemia Major (Cooley’s anemia)

49
Q

Morphology of anemia present in Thalassemia.

A

Microcytic, hypochromic anemia

50
Q

Treatment strategy for patient unresponsive to primary treatment of Hemochromatosis.

A

Chelation with deferoxamine

51
Q

A condition characterized with abnormally large erythroid precursors and red cells. This is due to what vitamin deficiency?

A

Megaloblastic Anemia

Vitamin B12/ Folate deficiency

52
Q

Which parasitic infection leads to megaloblastic anemia? What is the drug of choice?

A

Diphyllobothrium Latum infection

Praziquantel

53
Q

Test to diagnose pernicious anemia.

A

Schilling test

54
Q

What is the most common nutritional disorder in the world?

A

Iron deficiency anemia

55
Q

Which parasitic infection leads to microcytic, hypochromic anemia? What is the drug of choice?

A

Hookworms

Albendazole

56
Q

Pathophysiology in anemia of chronic disease.

A

IL-6 stimulates increase in HEPCIDIN which reduces iron transfer from storage pool to BM

57
Q

Condition characterized morphologically as hypocellular BM with fat cells.

A

Aplastic Anemia

58
Q

An X-linked defect in D-Ala synthase gene causing defect in heme synthesis.

A

Sideroblastic anemia

59
Q

What is the most feared complication of ITP?

A

Intracranial Bleeding

60
Q

A condition characterized by decreased gp Ib leading to defective platelet adhesion and decreased platelet count.

A

Bernard-Soulier Syndrome

61
Q

What happens in Glanzmann’s Thrombasthenia?

A

Decrease in gp IIb-IIIa leadig to defective platelet aggregation with normal platelet count.

62
Q

Primary treatment for von Willebrand Disease?

A

Desmopressin

63
Q

Hemophilia A is due to what factor deficiency?

A

Factor VIII

64
Q

A bleeding disorder due to deficient factor IX?

A

Hemophilia B/ Christmas Disease

65
Q

What is the main protective mechanism against mercury poisoning?

A

Intracellular Glutathione

Patho (9 decks)

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