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MEDSURG INTRODUCTION > DISORDERS OF THE UPPER RESPIIRATORY TRACT > Flashcards

DISORDERS OF THE UPPER RESPIIRATORY TRACT Flashcards

1
Q

Hemorrhage from the nose

A

Epistaxis (Nosebleed)

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2
Q

Risk Factors of Epistaxis

A

-Local Infections
-Systemic infections
-Drying of nasal mucous membranes
-Nasal inhalation of corticosteroids or illicit drugs
- Trauma (digital trauma, blunt, trauma, fracture, forceful nose blowing)
- Arteriosclerosis
-Hypertension
-Tumor (sinus or nasopharynx)
-Thrombocytopenia
-Use of aspirin
-Liver disease
- Rendu-Osler- Weber

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3
Q

Medical management of Epistaxis

A

Position: sitting upright with head tilted forward

-Instruct patient to pinch the soft outer portion of the nose against the midline septum for 5 to 10 minutes continuously

-Phenylephrine nasal decongestant spray, as necessary

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4
Q

If origin of bleeding cannot be identified

A

Do nasal packing

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5
Q

Nursing management of Epistaxis

A

-Monitor VS
-Assist in control of bleeding
-Provide tissues and emesis basin
-Assure the patient in a calm, efficient manner that bleeding can be controlled can help reduce anxiety
-Continuously assess airways, breathing, and vitals

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6
Q

Upon discharge (Epistaxis)

A

-Avoid vigorous exercise for several days
-Avoid hot or spicy foods and tobacco
-Avoid forceful nose blowing, straining, high altitudes, nasal trauma
-Provide adequate humidification
-Apply direct pressure to nose x 15 minutes in case of recurrence.

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7
Q

Refers to a URI that is self-limited and caused by a virus

A

Common cold

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8
Q

Refers to an infectious, acute inflammation of the mucous membranes of the nasal cavity characterized by nasal congestion, rhinorrhea, sneezing, sore throat, and general malaise

A

Cold

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9
Q

Causative Agents of Viral Rhinitis

A

-Rhinovirus- most common
-Coronavirus
-Adenovirus
-Respiratory syncytial virus
-Influenza virus
-Parainfluenza virus

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10
Q

Clinical Manifestation of Viral Rhinitis

A

-Low-grade fever
-Nasal Congestion
-Rhinorrhea and nasal discharge
-Halitosis
-Sneezing
-Tearing watery eyes
-Sore throat
-General malaise
-Chills
-Headache and muscle aches

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11
Q

Medical Management (Symptomatic)

A

-Adequate fluid intake
-Rest
-Prevention of chilling
-Warm salt-water gargle for sore throat
- Ibuprofen for aches and pains
-Antihistamines for sneezing, rhinorrhea, and congestion
-Guaifenesin (Mucinex) - an expectorant which removes secretions

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12
Q

Nursing Management of Viral Rhinitis or Common Cold

A

-Institute hand hygiene practices
-Emphasize cough etiquette
-Educate on symptomatic treatment strategies

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13
Q

Is an inflammation of the paranasal sinuses and the nasal cavity

A

Rhinosinusitis

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14
Q

Classifications of Rhinosinusitis

A

Acute
Subacute
Chronic

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15
Q

symptoms lasts less than 4 weeks

A

acute

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16
Q

symptoms lasts from 4 to 12 weeks

A

subacute

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17
Q

symptoms > 12 weeks

A

chronic

18
Q

The cause of acute rhinosinusitis can be bacterial or viral

A

True

19
Q

ABRS

A

Acute Bacterial Rhinosinusitis

20
Q

AVRS

A

Acute viral rhinosinusitis

21
Q

Risk factors of Acute Rhinosinusitis

A

-Unresolved viral or bacterial infection
-Allergic rhinitis
-Diving and swimming
-Tooth infection
-Tumors
-Environmental hazards: cigarette smoke, paint, sawdust, chemicals

22
Q

Causative agent of Acute Rhinosinusitis

A

Bacterial organisms account for >60% of cases

-S.pneumoniae
-H.influenzae
-S.aureus
-M.catarrhalis

23
Q

Clinical Manifestations of Acute Rhinosinusitis (Bacterial)

A

-Purulent nasal discharge
-Nasal Obstruction
-Pain
-Nasal stuffiness
-Headache
-High-grade fever (39C and above)
-Persistent for 10 days or more

24
Q

Acute Rhinosinusitis viral clinical manifestations

A

The same with ABRS except:

-no high fever
-less severe intensity
-symptoms persist fewer than 10 days

25
Q

Complications of Acute Rhinosinusitis

A

-Osteomyelitis
-Mucocele
-Meningitis
-Brain abscess

26
Q

Nursing Management of Acute Rhinosinusitis

A

-Instruct to humidify air at home
-Warm compress to relieve pressure
-Instruct to avoid swimming, diving, and air traveling during acute infection
-Instruct to stop cigarette smoking

27
Q

Characterized by four or more episodes of ABRS per year

A

Recurrent Acute Rhinosinusitis

28
Q

12 weeks or more of the following: mucopurulent drainage, nasal obstruction, facial pain, hyposmia

A

Chronic Rhinosinusitis

29
Q

Etiology or cause of Chronic and Recurrent Acute Rhinosinusitis

A

Obstruction of the osteomeatal complex

30
Q

Causative Agents of Chronic and Recurrent Acute Rhinosinusitis (Aerobic)

A

S.Aureus
Streptococci

31
Q

Causative Agents of Chronic and Recurrent Acute Rhinosinusitis (Anaerobic)

A

-Klebsiella
-Bordetella
-Haemophilus

32
Q

Clinical Manifestations of Chronic and Recurrent Acute Rhinosinusitis

A

-Cough
-Chronic hoarseness
-Chronic headaches
-Periorbital edema
-Facial pain
-Halitosis (mouth breathing)
-Symptoms are more pronounced in AM

33
Q

Medical Management of Chronic and Recurrent Acute Rhinosinusitis

A

-Nasal saline sprays
-Acetaminophen/NSAIDS for pain
-Antibiotic therapy

34
Q

Surgical Management of Chronic and Recurrent Acute Rhinosinusitis

A

-FESS (Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery)
-Caldwell-Luc Surgery

35
Q

Used as surgical treatment of severely diseased maxillary sinus and the incision is between upper gum and upper lip

A

Caldwell-Luc Surgery

36
Q

Nursing Management of Chronic and Recurrent Acute Rhinosinusitis

A

-Instruct to sleep with HOB elevated
-Avoid exposure to cigarette smoke and fumes
-Avoid caffeine and alcohol- may cause dehydrations
-Encourage fluid intake
-Apply hot wet packs
-Instruct to strictly adhere to medication regimen

37
Q

Is a sudden painful inflammation of the pharynx, the back portion of the throat that includes the posterior third of the tongue, soft palate, and tonsils

A

Acute Pharyngitis

38
Q

Cause of Acute Pharyngitis

A

-Viral infection- most common
-Bacterial infection (Group A beta- hemolytic streptococci) (GABHS)7745

39
Q

Acute Pharyngitis

Clinical Manifestations (Viral)

A

-Fiery- red pharyngeal membrane and tonsils
-Enlarged and tender cervical lymph nodes
-High grade fever (> 38.3 C
-Malaise
-Sore throat
-NO COUGH!

40
Q

Clinical Manifestations (GABHS)

A

-Nausea and vomiting
-Headache
-Swollen and erythematous tonsils, with or without exudate
-Soft palate is erythematous with petechiae
-Halitosis

41
Q

Nursing Management for Acute Pharyngitis

A

-TBS (Tipid Sponge Bath) for fever
-Encourage bed rest
-Monitor for development of rashes
-Encourage warm saline gargles (40.3C to 43.3 C)
-Provide frequent oral care
-Instruct to daily return to work or school until after 24 hours of antibiotic therapy
-Emphasize importance of taking full course of antibiotics as prescribed

MEDSURG INTRODUCTION (4 decks)

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