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MEDSURG INTRODUCTION > Diagnostic Evaluation > Flashcards

Diagnostic Evaluation Flashcards

1
Q

Performed to assess respiratory function and to determine the extent of dysfunction, response to therapy, and as screening test in potentially hazardous industries.

A

Pulmonary Function Test

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2
Q

Indications of Pulmonary Function Test

A

*Chronic respiratory disorders
*Patients for thoracic and upper abdominal surgery
*Obese
*Symptomatic patient with a history suggesting high risk

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3
Q

How well the performance of the patient is compared with an average based on age, gender, race and height.

A

Percentage Predicted Value

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4
Q

Patient Preparation when undergoing pulmonary function Test

A

Instruct patient to avoid:

*Smoking for 24 hours
* Drinking alcohol for at least 4 hours
* Vigorous exercise for at least 30 minutes
* Wearing any tight clothing
* Eating a large meal for at least 2 hours
* Taking short-acting bronchodilators for four hours
*Taking long-acting beta-2-agonist inhalers for 12 hours
* Taking slow-release medicines that affect respiratory function, and theophylline-based drugs for 24 hours

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5
Q

Assess oxygenation and acid-base balance

A

Arterial blood gas (ABG)

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6
Q

In the specimen the result of the arterial blood is

A

Bright red in color

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7
Q

The most common site for the withdrawal of specimen

A

Radial Artery

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8
Q

The purpose of using heparinized syringe to draw blood specimen

A

To prevent clotting

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9
Q

Why it is important to place the specimen in a container with ice

A

To prevent hemolysis

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10
Q

What happens if hemolysis occurs?

A

Oxygen and carbon dioxide are released and cannot be measured accurately

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11
Q

A non-invasive method of continuously monitoring the oxygen saturation of hemoglobin.

A

Pulse Oximetry (sp02)

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12
Q

If the result of Pulse Oximetry is <90% or less than 90% the interpretation would be?

A

Hypoxia- Tissue are not receiving enough oxygen

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13
Q

Factors affecting pulse oximetry readings:

A

*Anemia
*Abnormal hemoglobin
*Carbon monoxide poisoning
* Use of dyes (methylene blue)
*Dark skin
*Nail Polish
*Bright lights
*Patient movement, including shivering

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14
Q

Identifies pathogens

A

Culture

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15
Q

Test which drugs is/are most effective against identified pathogen

A

Sensitivity

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16
Q

Useful in detecting streptococcal infections

A

Throat Swab

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17
Q

Thick type of mucus produced in the lungs

A

Sputum

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18
Q

Rapid method of detecting bacterial infection; indicates whether it is gram-positive or gram-negative

A

Gram staining

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19
Q

To test for PTB

A

Acid-fast bacilli

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20
Q

Specimen collection:

A

*Obtain early in AM before intake or food or fluid
* Instruct patient to rinse mouth with WATER prior to collection
*Instruct to take a few deep breaths then cough deeply
*Let patient expectorate sputum into sterile container
*Offer oral care

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21
Q

Help detect densities produced by fluid, tumors, foreign bodies, and other pathologic conditions

A

Chest X-ray

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22
Q

Nursing Interventions of Chest X-ray

A

Inform patients that x-rays do not require fasting and is not painful

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23
Q

A CT is an imaging method in which the lungs are scanned in successive layers by a narrow-beam x-ray. The images produced provide a cross-sectional view of the chest.

A

Computed Tomography (CT) Scan

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24
Q

Nursing Interventions for CT Scan

A

*Informed patient that they will be required to remain in supine for about 30 minutes

If contrast medium will be used:

*Asses for allergy to iodine
*Monitor kidney function
*Maintain NPO for 4 hours before procedure or as ordered

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25
Q

Uses magnetic fields and radiofrequency instead of radiation and can produce a much more detailed diagnostic image than x-rays and CT Scan

A

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)

26
Q

Contraindications of Chest MRI

A

*With metallic implants- absolute
*Pacemakers-absolute
*Morbid obesity
* Confused/agitated patients
*Claustrophobia

27
Q

MRI nursing interventions

A
  • Remove all metal items
    *Instruct to remain still for approximately 30 to 90 minutes
    *Inform that a loud humming or thumping noise will be heard
  • Administer anxiolytics, as ordered in case of claustrophobia
28
Q

is the direct inspection and examination of the larynx, trachea, and bronchi using a flexible fiberoptic bronchoscope or a rigid bronchoscope

A

Bronchoscopy

29
Q

A hollow metal tube with light at its end and mainly used for removing foreign substances, investigating source of hemoptysis, or performing endobronchial surgical procedures

A

Rigid Bronchoscope

30
Q

A thin, flexible bronchoscope that can be directed into the segmental bronchi. Allows increased visualization of the peripheral airways. Can be performed at the bedside.

A

Flexible Bronchoscope

31
Q

Remove foreign bodies or secretions from the tracheobronchial tree

A

Therapeutic Bronchoscopy

32
Q

Used to visualize tissues and determine the nature, location, and extent of the pathologic process

A

Diagnostic Bronchoscopy

33
Q

Collects secretions for analysis and to obtain tissue sample for diagnosis

A

Diagnostic Bronchoscopy

34
Q

Determines whether a tumor can be resected surgically

A

Diagnostic Bronchoscopy

35
Q

Diagnose sources of hemoptysis

A

Diagnosis Bronchoscopy

36
Q

Remove foreign bodies or secretions from the tracheobronchial tree

A

Therapeutic Bronchoscopy

37
Q

Bronchoscopy that controls bleeding

A

Therapeutic Bronchoscopy

38
Q

Treat postoperative atelectasis

A

Therapeutic Bronchoscopy

39
Q

Destroy and excise lesions

A

Therapeutic Bronchoscopy

40
Q

Provide brachytherapy

A

Therapeutic Bronchoscopy

41
Q

Ensure that informed consent has been obtained

A

Before the procedure of Bronchoscopy

42
Q

The purpose to facilitate NPO 4 to 8 hour before the procedure of Bronchoscopy

A

To reduce risk of aspiration

43
Q

The purpose to explain procedure to patient before bronchoscopy

A

to reduce fear and anxiety

44
Q

The purpose to administer atropine and sedatives as ordered before the bronchoscopy

A

to inhibit vagal stimulation

45
Q

During the procedure of flexible bronchoscopy

A
  • Local Anesthetic (Lidocaine (xylocaine)
    *Sprayed on the pharynx or dropped on the epiglottis and vocal cords and into the trachea
46
Q

The purpose of spraying on the pharynx or dropped on the epiglottis and vocal cords and into the trachea

A

to suppress cough reflex and minimize discomfort

47
Q

Anesthesia used during rigid bronchoscopy

A

General Anesthesia

48
Q

After the procedure of Bronchoscopy

A

*Maintain NPO until cough reflex returns
* Once cough reflex has returned, offer ice chips first then fluids
* Monitor for hypoxia, hypotension, tachycardia, dysrhythmias, hemoptysis, and dyspnea.
*Small amount of blood

49
Q

Aspiration of fluid and/or air from the pleural space

A

Thoracentesis

50
Q

Purpose of thoracentesis

A

*Removal of fluid and/air
*Aspiration of pleural fluid for analysis
*Pleural biopsy
*Instillation of medication into the pleural space

51
Q

Before the procedure of thoracentesis

A

*Secure written consent
*Obtain baseline vital signs
*Position the pt upright, leaning over table
*Instruct patient to remain still and avoid coughing during insertion of needle
* Inform patient about pressure sensation felt on needle insertion

52
Q

The purpose of obtaining baseline vital signs before the procedure of Thoracentesis

A

Aspiration may cause hypovolemic shock

53
Q

The appropriate position before the procedure of Thoracentesis

A

Position upright and leaning over the table

54
Q

After the procedure (Thoracentesis)

A

*Turn the patient to UNAFFECTED SIDE- to prevent leakage of fluid in the thoracic cavity
* Promote bed rest- to promote postural hypotension
*Check for expectoration of blood- this indicates trauma to lung
*Monitor VS

55
Q

Purpose of chest drainage

A

*Re-expand the involved lung
*Remove excess air, fluid, or blood
*Treat pneumothorax

56
Q

Act as a reservoir for fluid draining from the chest tube

A

Drainage Chamber

57
Q

Regulates the amount of negative pressure applied to the chest

A

Suction Control Chamber

58
Q

Has a one-way valve or water seal that prevents air from moving back into the chest when the patient inhales

A

Water Seal Chamber

59
Q

Normal result of Drainage Systems

A

*Tidaling- increase in the water level with inspiration and a return to the baseline level during exhalation
*Intermittent bubbling

60
Q

abnormal result of Drainage Systems

A

Continuous bubbling- presence of air leak

MEDSURG INTRODUCTION (4 decks)

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