Disorders Of The Lower Respiratory Tract

Question 1

A sudden inability of the respiratory system to provide O2 and/or remove CO2 from the blood.

Answer 1

Acute respiratory failure (ARF)

Question 2

Respiratory disorder characterized by recurring episodes of paroxysmal (sudden, episodic) dyspnea. Patients exhibit coughing, wheezing, and SOB. If the attack becomes continuous (termed status asthmatics), it may be fatal.

Answer 2

Asthma

Question 3

Collapse of lung tissue or an entire lung.

Answer 3

Atelectasis

Question 4

Chronic dilation of the bronchi. Symptoms include dyspnea, expectoration of foul-smelling sputum, and coughing.

Answer 4

Bronchiectasis

Question 5

Viral inflammation of the bronchioles; more common in children younger than 18 months.

Answer 5

Bronchiolitis

Question 6

Inflammation of the bronchi, may be acute or chronic.

Answer 6

Bronchitis

Question 7

A sudden involuntary contraction of the bronchi, as in an asthma attach.

Answer 7

Bronchospasm

Question 8

Respiratory disorder characterized by a progressive and irreversible diminishment in inspiratory and expiratory capacity of the lungs. Patients experiences dyspnea on exertion (DOE), difficulty inhaling or exhaling, and a chronic cough.

Answer 8

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

Question 9

Inherited disorder of the exocrine glands resulting in abnormal, thick secretions of mucus that cause COPD.

Answer 9

Cystic Fibrosis (CF)

Question 10

Bacterial respiratory infection characterized by a sore throat, fever, and headache.

Answer 10

Diphtheria

Question 11

Abnormal condition of the pulmonary system characterized by distention and destructive changes of the alveoli. The most common cause is tobacco smoking, but exposure to environmental particulate matter may also cause the disease.

Answer 11

Emphysema

Question 12

A condition in which multiple rib fractures cause instability in part of the chest wall and in which the lung under the injured area contracts on inspiration and bulges out on expiration.

Answer 12

Flail Chest

Question 13

Blood in the pleural cavity.

Answer 13

Hemothorax

Question 14

Also known as the flu. Acute infectious disease of the respiratory tract caused by a virus. Avian (bird) Flu is caused by type A influenza virus. Swine flu is caused by H1N1 virus.

Answer 14

Influenza

Question 15

Bacterial infection of the respiratory tract with a characteristic high-pitched “whoop.” Also called whooping cough.

Answer 15

Pertussia

Question 16

Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the intrapleural space.

Answer 16

Pleural Effusion

Question 17

Inflammation of the parietal pleura of the lungs. May be caused by cancer, pneumonia, or tuberculosis (TB).

Answer 17

Pleurisy

Question 18

Loss of lung capacity caused by an accumulation of dust in the lungs. Types may include asbestosis (abnormal condition of asbestos in the lungs), silicosis (abnormal accumulation of glass dust in the lungs), and anthracosis (abnormal accumulation of coal dust in the lungs –also known as black lung disease or coal workers’ pneumoconiosis [CWP]).

Answer 18

Pneumoconiosis

Question 19

Inflammation of the lungs caused by a variety of pathogens. If infectious, it is termed pneumonia; if noninfectious, it is termed pneumonitis. The name of the lobes are used to describe the extent of the disease (e.g., RML pneumonia is pneumonia of the right middle lobe). If both lungs are affected, it is termed double pneumonia.

Answer 19

Pneumonia

Question 20

Air or gas in the pleural space causing the lung to collapse.

Answer 20

Pneumothorax

Question 21

Localized accumulation of pus in the lung.

Answer 21

Pulmonary abscess

Question 22

Accumulation of fluid in the lung tissue. Often present in congestive heart failure (CHF), it is caused by the inability of the heart to pump blood.

Answer 22

Pulmonary edema

Question 23

Pus in the pleural cavity, Also called empyema.

Answer 23

pyothorax

Question 24

Acute respiratory disorder usually occurring in the lower respiratory tract in children and the upper respiratory tract in adults. Most common cause of bronchiolitis and pneumonia in infants and highly contagious in young children.

Answer 24

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)

Question 25

Viral respiratory disorder caused by a coronavirus. Usually results in pneumonia

Answer 25

Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)

Question 26

Chronic infectious disorder caused by an acid-fast bacillus, Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Transmission is normally by inhalation or ingestion of infected droplets. Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDRTB) is fatal in 80% of cases.

Answer 26

Tuberculosis (TB)