Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Ophthalmology > Disorders of the Lids & Lashes > Flashcards

Disorders of the Lids & Lashes Flashcards

1
Q

A pt comes in with an itchy, watery eye saying it feels like there’s something in his eye. On exam the pt’s eye is bloodshot, inflamed, has flaky scales on his lashes, and pressing on his meibomian glands produces a thick, cloudy secretion. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A

Blepharitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Tx for belpharitis

A

Warm compress
Improve eyelid hygiene
Topical Abx on lid margins
Oral Abx. for recurrence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Common causes of blepharitis

A

Staph
Seborrheic
Meibomian gland dysfunction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

A pt comes in complaining of a small, tender red bumb on her eyelid that appeared overnight. What is her most likely diagnosis?

A

Stye (Hordeolum)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Common causes of styes (hordeolums)?

A

Staph infection of the sebaceous gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Tx for stye (hordeolum)?

A

Warm compress
Topical Abx drops
I&D (if Abx fails)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What do you have to make sure you prevent in a pt with a hordeolum?

A

Orbital cellulitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

A pt comes in with a firm, visible, grayish nodule on his eyelid. He claims it isn’t tender to the touch. What is the most likely cause?

A

Pt has a chalazion

Chronic inflammation of the meibomian gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

An African-American pt comes in with a chalazion, what are the best treatment options for him?

A 
Warm compress (early)
Surgical removal (late)
NOT triamcinolone injection
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

A pt comes in with mildly painful inflammation of the eyelid, gold fibrous scales on the lashes, and complains of irritation, burning, excessive tearing, blurry vision, and sensitivity to light. You notice a vesicular eruption on the lid margin. What is the most likely cause for her symptoms?

A

Herpes simplex of the eyelid, most likely due to HSV 1 (but could be HSV 2)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How do you treat herpes simplex of the eyelid?

A

Viral culture (if needed)
Encourage good hygiene (prevent secondary infection)
Topical polysporin, trifluridine drops
Follow up with ophthalmologist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

A pt comes in with a chief complaint of excessive tearing. What if the most likely cause?

A

Blocked nasolacrimal duct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What do you do for a pt with nasolacrimal duct obstruction?

A

Refer for an eye doctor for:
Irrigation/probing of the duct
Surgery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

A pt comes in complaining of a painful, excessive tearing accompanied by pus coming out of the tear duct. What is their diagnosis, and what is the underlying cause?

A

Dacryocystitis from nasolacrimal duct obstruction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How do you treat dacryocystitis?

A

Oral, broad-spectrum Abx

I&D if abscessed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

A pt comes in with a painful, swollen lid. You notice it is tender, red, and slight inferonasal globe displacement. What is the diagnosis?

A

Dacryoadenitis

17
Q

What are the common causes of dacryoadenitis?

A

Idiopathic
Sjogren’s disease
Vasculitis or systemic disease
Infection

18
Q

How do you treat dacryoadenitis?

A

Idiopathic - oral steroids
Bacterial - broad spectrum Abx
Treat underlying condition

19
Q

Your pt comes in with an irritated, burning eye that feels like there’s something in it. You notice visible space between the globe and the lid. What is the diagnosis?

A

Ectropion (Out-turned eyelid)

20
Q

What are the causes of ectropion?

A

Involutational (aging)
Paralytic (CN VII palsy)
Scarring of lower lid
Mass on lower lid/cheek

21
Q

A pt has an in-turned lid margin accompanied by irritation, burning, and FB sensation. What is the treatment?

A

Surgical correction

pt has entropion

22
Q

What are the causes of entropion?

A

Involutional (aging)

Scarring (from chemical burn)

23
Q

A pt comes in worried about her right eyelid which appears “droopy”. Her upper visual field is slightly obstructed. What is the most likely problem?

A

Ptosis

24
Q

What causes ptosis?

A

Congenital
Horner’s syndrome
CN III palsy

25
Q

Which cranial nerve is affected in ptosis?

A

CN III

26
Q

A pt comes in with ptosis. What are her treatment options?

A 
Treat the underlying condition
Surgical correction (congenital)
27
Q

A pt comes in worried about a yellow deposit he noticed on his upper eyelid. He claims it doesn’t hurt or impair his vision. What treatment do you recommend? What does this pt have?

A

Surgical excision for cosmetic purposes, otherwise it’s asymptomatic.
The pt has Xanthelasma

28
Q

What are causes of an eyelid twitch?

A

Conjunctiva irritation
Stress
Caffeine/stimulants
MS (rare)

29
Q

A pt comes in with a red, swollen upper eyelid. It is warm to the touch and tender. The pt has a low-grade fever, a bulging globe (proptosis), and a sluggish pupillary reflex in the affected eye. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A

Orbital cellulitis

30
Q

What are the precursors to look for in a pt that you suspect might have orbital cellulitis?

A

Upper respiratory infection
Sinusitis
Preseptal cellulitis

31
Q

What are the causes of orbital cellulitis?

A

Strep, staph, mixed flora
Lid trauma
Superficial lid/conjunctiva infection
Surgical contamination

32
Q

How do you treat a pt with orbital cellulitis?

A

Broad-spectrum systemic (IV) Abx
PENICILLIN
Surgical drainage if abscessed
Sinus drainage

33
Q

How does thyroid eye disease manifest?

A 
Exophthalmos
Proptosis
Lid retraction
Lid lag
Ocular cranial nerve dysfunction
34
Q

A pt comes in with irritation, tearing, burning, and FB sensation that have gotten worse over the past week. On exam you notice proptosis, lid lag, conjunctival edema and dilated blood vessels in the conjunctiva. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A

Mild thyroid eye disease

35
Q

A pt with Grave’s disease comes in with double vision, achiness, and blurred vision. What is the diagnosis?

A

Moderate thyroid eye disease

36
Q

Visual loss, pain, and corneal ulceration are sympmtoms of what?

A

Severe thyroid eye disease

37
Q

How do you test to confirm a Dx of thyroid eye disease?

A

Full thyroid testing

Monitor thyroid function

38
Q

How do you treat moderate thyroid eye disease?

A

Oral prednisone
Orbital decompression surgery
Eye muscle surgery

39
Q

What is the best treatment option for mild thyroid eye disease?

A

Artificial tears

Ophthalmology (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions