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Ophthalmology > Disorders of the Cornea > Flashcards

Disorders of the Cornea Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most common eye injury?

A

Corneal abrasion

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2
Q

A pt comes in complaining of pain and FB sensation in his eye. He has excessive tearing, difficulty opening the eye, and is light sensitive. You notice his eye is bloodshot and he has blepharospasms. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A

Corneal abrasion

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3
Q

What are the most common causes of corneal abrasions?

A

Ill-fitting/over-worn contacts
FB’s
Chronic dry eye
Trauma

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4
Q

What tests would you perform if you suspect your pt has a corneal abrasion?

A

Examine the eye with a slit lamp and dye

Order a CT/MRI if d/t high speed penetration

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5
Q

A pt comes in complaining of a very painful eye and excessive tearing. She says she felt like she got something in her eye yesterday and was rubbing it to relieve the pain, but she still feels like there’s something in her eye scratching it. What treatment do you recommend?

A

Topical local anisthetic drops (at office only!)
Oral analgesics
Refer to ophthalmologist because it’s a FB
Antibiotic drops (if due to contacts)

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6
Q

A pt comes in with a red, irritated eye. You notice it is unilateral and the pt has a red eye. Using a slit lamp you see epithelial dendrites. What is the most likely cause of this pt’s condition?

A

HSV 1

the pt has herpes simplex keratitis

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7
Q

What do you recommend for a pt with herpes simplex keratitits?

A

Topical antivirals

Refer to ophthalmologist stat (EMERGENT condition)

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8
Q

A pt comes in complaining of eye pain and headaches. On exam you notice the pt is light sensitive and has a vesicular rash along the top of the face. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A

Herpes zoster ophthalmicus

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9
Q

A pt comes in with eye pain and headaches. You notice the pt has conjunctivitis, uveitis, and glaucoma. What do you suspect is the underlying cause of the pt’s condition?

A

Varicella virus

the pt has herpes zoster ophthalmicus

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10
Q

How do you treat a pt with herpes zoster ophthalmicus?

A

Zostavax vaccine for pt’s 60 or older

Oral acyclovir

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11
Q

What is the cause of corneal dystrophies?

A

Genetic

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12
Q

What do you recommend for a pt who you suspect has a corneal dystrophy?

A

Refer to an ophthalmologist

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13
Q

A teenager comes in saying his vision has been slowly getting more blurry. He also mentions seeing haloes around lights and having poor night vision. What condition does this patient most likely have?

A

Keratoconus

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14
Q

What are the causes of keratoconus?

A

Idiopathic

History of myopia (nearsightedness)

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15
Q

How do you treat a pt with keratoconus?

A

Early - gas-permeable contacts
Mild - laser correction, keratoplasty
Late - corneal transplant

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16
Q

A pt comes in with decreased vision, pain, and redness in his eyes. You notice he has white material building up in the anterior chamber and he is light sensitive. What do you recommend for this pt?

A

Refer to ophthalmologist (EMERGENT condition)

the pt has a corneal ulcer

17
Q

A pt comes in with pain, redness, photophobia, decreased vision, and dense corneal infiltrate. What are the most likely causes of this pt’s condition?

A 
The pt has a corneal ulcer most likely due to:
Bacterial
Viral
Fungal
History of trauma
18
Q

A pt comes in with a growth on his eye. It is located on the conjunctiva and cornea, and the pt complains that it is causing a gritty, itchy feeling, and that it feels like there is something in his eye. What is the diagnosis?

A

Pterygium (Surfer’s eye)

19
Q

A pt comes in with a growth on her eye. She complains of FB sensation and slightly decreased vision. You see a mass on her cornea and conjunctiva. What is the most likely cause of her condition?

A

The pt has a pterygium, most likely caused by:
UV overexposure
Windy conditions
Chronic dry eye

20
Q

What treatment do you recommend for a pt with a pterygium?

A

Lubricating drops

Surgical resection if the pterygium persists

Ophthalmology (6 decks)

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