Disorders of the Ear

Question 1

Auricular hematoma is caused by _____ , and found to be _________ in PE before and after 24 hours.

Answer 1

trauma to the anterior auricle common in contact sports

tender, tense fluctuant, blood filled in helix <24h
fibrous and fixed after 24h (can not be treated after this point)

Question 2

auricular hematoma treatment and when should it be done

Answer 2

1st drain (needle aspiration or I&D)- this should be done before 24-48h bc becomes fixed and hard to drain after .\

follow with compression and dressing to prevent refil with blood

give antibiotic to cover pseudomas
and recheck ever day for 3-5 days

Question 3

what medication to you prescribe for auricular hematoma kids vs aults

Answer 3

kids: levofloxacin
adults: Amox/Clav

Question 4

what is the chronic result of auricular hematoma and result if not treated

Answer 4

cauliflower ear

cartilage necrosis lead s to fibrocartilage over grow= permeant deformity

Question 5

what part of the ear is affected in auricular cellulitis and by what organism

Answer 5

infection of the LOBULE of the auricle (no cartilage)

Group A belta-hemolytic strep (Erysipelas- can spread to face)

Question 6

if not auricular cellulitis is not treated it can lead to

Answer 6

perichondritis (infection surrounding the cartilage) and chondritis (infection of cartilage) —– (both infect cartilage not just lobule)

Question 7

auricular cellulitis treatment

Answer 7

penicillin and IV antibiotics is fever

Question 8

what causes Relapsing polychondritis and what is the most common affected location and treatment

Answer 8

immune-mediated inflammatory condition of cartilage at age >40-50

common in ear bilaterally, nose (this causes Saddle Nose Deformity)

NSAID, steroid
if sever corticosteroid + immunomodualtor

Question 9

Otitis externa occurs in________, and is caused by__________,
is also know as________

Answer 9

inflammation of external auditory canal pseudomonas (gram - bacterial infection) (or trauma or moisture)
swimmers ear

Question 10

what are common PE findings in otitis externa

and the tympanic membrane be __________ in an Pneumatic otoscopy ( blow air on it) of otitis externa

Answer 10

hearing loss, purulent discharge, Tragal Tenderness, erythema

mobile

Question 11

Otitis externa treatment and how often

Answer 11

otic antibiotic many times a day (5 drops 3-4 times a day)—– amioglycoside or steroid (but don’t use if T ruptured)

keep dry
NO Q-tips
Ear Wick if too swollen for drops alone

Question 12

Malignant otitis externa is an Invasive Infection of ________ and ________ due to _____________. In which ________ and________ are at greatest risk caused by ___________. Treated with ___________

Answer 12

external auditory canal and skull base (osteomyelitis)
persistent otitis externa

diabetics and immunocompromised
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa

IV antibiotic to prevent spread

Question 13

Cerumen impaction most common cause is ______ and leads to symptoms of__________. Treated by ______

Answer 13

impaction from attempts to clean ear

HEARING LOSS and dizziness

hydrogen peroxide drops, irrigation (TM must be intact), mechanical removal

Question 14

____, ______, and _______ foreign bodies require immediate attention and a REFERRAL to ENT and organic ones _______ with water

Answer 14

button batteries, live insects, and penetrating things

swell

Question 15

Pruritis is found at _________ caused by __________ and treated with ______________

Answer 15

external auditory meatus due to self induced cleaning/ dryness or hearing aids/ headphone

mineral oil, no touch and no drying agents

Question 16

osteomas are _______ in the ______, originating from ________. These cause_______ and treat by_____.

Answer 16

pearly, bony growth  
external auditory canal
tympano-squamous suture 
conductive hearing loss and otorrhea
monitor, surgery if big

Question 17

exotosis is _____ and common in surfers due to _______. Treated with

Answer 17

new bone formation of bone
exposure to wind and cold (surfers ear).
surgical excision

Question 18

Acute otitis media is the inflammation of the ________ and is caused by _______ and is most common in _________& ______. Symptoms include __________, and treated with ________

Answer 18

inner ear
virus, bacteria, or sterile (unlike swimmers ear always bacterial)
infants and kids

Red bulging TM and decreased motility of the TM (in OE there is motility of the TM but not in OM) and fever

tylenolf or pain and antimicrobial therapy if viral

Question 19

Bacterial Acute Otitis media is _______ and is commonly follows a _______ and caused by ________, ___________, ___________, _______________

Answer 19

mucus and fluid accumulate then infected
Viral upper respiratory tract infection

Step. Pneumonia, influenza, moraxella cararrhalis, strep. pyogene

Question 20

complication of acute otitis media

Answer 20

if recurrent scarring or myrigotomy

rare: acute mastoiditis (infection in mastoid cells red swelling over mastoid), CNS infection, CN V paralysis

Question 21

TM perforation is caused by _____ and causes SUDDEN _______, _______, loss of________.

Avoid ______________ with TM perforation and _________ healing time

Answer 21

infection or trauma
hearing loss, tear in TM, loss of light reflex

irrigation, CERUMEN REMOVAL, and corticosteroid drops
weeks- months