Disorders of the Blood and Lymphatic Systems

Question 1

anemia that results from impairment or failure of bone marrow

Answer 1

aplastic anemia

Question 1

common form of megaloblastic anemia that is caused by the malabsorption of vitamin B12 owing to a lack of intrinsic factor (IF) produced in the glands of the gastric mucosa

Answer 1

pernicious anemia

Question 2

most common genetic disorder in the world

Answer 2

thalassemia

Question 3

occurs frequently in people from Mediterranean countries, most common

Answer 3

thalassemia beta

Question 4

deficit or abnormality of clotting factor VIII and is the most common inherited clotting disorder

Answer 4

hemophilia A/classic hemophilia

Question 5

involves a deficit of factor IX

Answer 5

hemophilia B/Christmas disease

Question 6

results from decrease in factor XI

Answer 6

hemophilia C/Rosenthal’s hemophilia

Question 7

disorder that involves excessive bleeding and excessive clotting

Answer 7

Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)

Question 8

a group of inherited or acquired disorders that increase the risk of developing abnormal clots int he veins or arteries

Answer 8

thrombophilia

Question 9

condition in which there is an increased production of erythrocytes, granulocytes, and thrombocytes resulting in increased blood volume and viscosity

Answer 9

primary polycythemia/polycythemia vera

Question 10

neoplastic disorders involving the white blood cells

Answer 10

leukemia

Question 11

3 functions of blood through the body

Answer 11

1. transport oxygen and nutrients to all tissues.
2. remove waste products of cellular metabolism.
3. play a critical role in the body’s defenses/immune system, and serve in maintaining body homeostasis.

Question 12

two types of circulation

Answer 12

pulmonary circulation and systemic circulation

Question 13

smaller branches of arteries that control the amount of blood flowing into capillaries

Answer 13

arterioles

Question 14

very small vessels organized in numerous networks that form the microcirculation

Answer 14

capillaries

Question 15

where is most of the blood during circulation?

Answer 15

veins, 70%

Question 16

another name for veins

Answer 16

capacitance vessels

Question 17

three layers of walls of arteries and veins

Answer 17

tunica intima, tunica media, tunica adventitia

Question 18

inner layer of veins and arteries

Answer 18

tunica intima

Question 19

layer of smooth muscle that controls the diameter and lumen size of the blood vessel, middle layer

Answer 19

tunica media

Question 20

outer connective tissue later that contains elastic and collagen fibers

Answer 20

tunica adventitia

Question 21

tiny blood vessels that supply blood to the tissues of the walls itself

Answer 21

vasa vasorum

Question 22

reflex adjustment in a small area of a tissue or an organ, varies depending on the needs of the cells in the area

Answer 22

auto regulation

Question 23

what controls vasodilation and vasoconstriction in arteriole

Answer 23

auto regulation

Question 24

provides the major transport system of the body for essentials

Answer 24

blood

Question 25

approximate blood volume in adult

Answer 25

5 L

Question 26

proportion of cells in blood, indicates viscosity of blood

Answer 26

hematocrit

Question 27

elevated hematocrit would indicate

Answer 27

dehydration, excess erythrocytes

Question 28

low hematocrit would indicate

Answer 28

blood loss or anemia

Question 29

clear yellowish fluid remaining after the cells have been removed

Answer 29

plasma

Question 30

the fluid and solutes remaining after the cells and fibrinogen have been removed from the plasma

Answer 30

serum

Question 31

all blood cells originate form

Answer 31

red bone marrow

Question 32

where is red bone marrow found

Answer 32

flat and irregular bones, ribs, vertebrae, sternum, and pelvis

Question 33

common site for a bone marrow aspiration for biopsy

Answer 33

iliac crest

Question 34

pathologic condition of the blood that usually refers to the disorder involving the cellular component of blood

Answer 34

dyscrasia

Question 35

biconcave, flexible discs that are non-nucleated when mature and contain hemoglobin

Answer 35

erythrocytes

Question 36

where does erythropoietin originate

Answer 36

kidneys

Question 37

hormone that stimulates erythrocyte production in the red bone marrow in response to tissue hypoxia

Answer 37

erythropoietin

Question 38

erythrocytes are broken down into

Answer 38

globin and heme

Question 39

globin is broken down into

Answer 39

amino acids, recycled

Question 40

iron returned is returned to the

Answer 40

bone marrow and liver

Question 41

excess iron is stored as

Answer 41

ferritin or hemosiderin

Question 42

genetic disorder for iron overload, large amounts of hemosiderin accumulating in the liver, heart, and other organ

Answer 42

hemochromatosis

Question 43

the balance of the heme component is converted to

Answer 43

bilirubin

Question 44

what happens to bilirubin

Answer 44

it is conjugated with glucoronide in the liver and excreted in the bile

Question 45

what causes elevated bilirubin levels

Answer 45

excessive hemolysis

Question 46

what causes jaundice

Answer 46

elevated serum bilirubin levels

Question 47

production of white blood cells

Answer 47

leukopoiesis

Question 48

30-40% of the WBCs

Answer 48

lymphocytes

Question 49

first to arrive to tissue damage and commence phagocytosis

Answer 49

neutrophils

Question 50

migrate from the blood and enter tissue to become mast cells that release histamine and heparin

Answer 50

basophils

Question 51

combats the effects of histamine

Answer 51

eosinophils

Question 52

increased by allergic reactions and parasitic infections

Answer 52

eosinophils

Question 53

enter the tissue to become macrophages

Answer 53

monocytes

Question 54

act as phagocytes when damage occurs

Answer 54

macrophages

Question 55

indicates the proportions of specific types of WBCs int he blood and assists in diagnosis

Answer 55

differential count

Question 56

also called platelets

Answer 56

thrombocytes