Disorders of the Blood and Lymphatic Systems Flashcards
anemia that results from impairment or failure of bone marrow
aplastic anemia
common form of megaloblastic anemia that is caused by the malabsorption of vitamin B12 owing to a lack of intrinsic factor (IF) produced in the glands of the gastric mucosa
pernicious anemia
most common genetic disorder in the world
thalassemia
occurs frequently in people from Mediterranean countries, most common
thalassemia beta
deficit or abnormality of clotting factor VIII and is the most common inherited clotting disorder
hemophilia A/classic hemophilia
involves a deficit of factor IX
hemophilia B/Christmas disease
results from decrease in factor XI
hemophilia C/Rosenthal’s hemophilia
disorder that involves excessive bleeding and excessive clotting
Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)
a group of inherited or acquired disorders that increase the risk of developing abnormal clots int he veins or arteries
thrombophilia
condition in which there is an increased production of erythrocytes, granulocytes, and thrombocytes resulting in increased blood volume and viscosity
primary polycythemia/polycythemia vera
neoplastic disorders involving the white blood cells
leukemia
3 functions of blood through the body
- transport oxygen and nutrients to all tissues.
- remove waste products of cellular metabolism.
- play a critical role in the body’s defenses/immune system, and serve in maintaining body homeostasis.
two types of circulation
pulmonary circulation and systemic circulation
smaller branches of arteries that control the amount of blood flowing into capillaries
arterioles
very small vessels organized in numerous networks that form the microcirculation
capillaries
where is most of the blood during circulation?
veins, 70%
another name for veins
capacitance vessels
three layers of walls of arteries and veins
tunica intima, tunica media, tunica adventitia
inner layer of veins and arteries
tunica intima
layer of smooth muscle that controls the diameter and lumen size of the blood vessel, middle layer
tunica media
outer connective tissue later that contains elastic and collagen fibers
tunica adventitia
tiny blood vessels that supply blood to the tissues of the walls itself
vasa vasorum
reflex adjustment in a small area of a tissue or an organ, varies depending on the needs of the cells in the area
auto regulation
what controls vasodilation and vasoconstriction in arteriole
auto regulation
provides the major transport system of the body for essentials
blood
approximate blood volume in adult
5 L
proportion of cells in blood, indicates viscosity of blood
hematocrit
elevated hematocrit would indicate
dehydration, excess erythrocytes
low hematocrit would indicate
blood loss or anemia
clear yellowish fluid remaining after the cells have been removed
plasma
the fluid and solutes remaining after the cells and fibrinogen have been removed from the plasma
serum
all blood cells originate form
red bone marrow
where is red bone marrow found
flat and irregular bones, ribs, vertebrae, sternum, and pelvis
common site for a bone marrow aspiration for biopsy
iliac crest
pathologic condition of the blood that usually refers to the disorder involving the cellular component of blood
dyscrasia
biconcave, flexible discs that are non-nucleated when mature and contain hemoglobin
erythrocytes
where does erythropoietin originate
kidneys
hormone that stimulates erythrocyte production in the red bone marrow in response to tissue hypoxia
erythropoietin
erythrocytes are broken down into
globin and heme
globin is broken down into
amino acids, recycled
iron returned is returned to the
bone marrow and liver
excess iron is stored as
ferritin or hemosiderin
genetic disorder for iron overload, large amounts of hemosiderin accumulating in the liver, heart, and other organ
hemochromatosis
the balance of the heme component is converted to
bilirubin
what happens to bilirubin
it is conjugated with glucoronide in the liver and excreted in the bile
what causes elevated bilirubin levels
excessive hemolysis
what causes jaundice
elevated serum bilirubin levels
production of white blood cells
leukopoiesis
30-40% of the WBCs
lymphocytes
first to arrive to tissue damage and commence phagocytosis
neutrophils
migrate from the blood and enter tissue to become mast cells that release histamine and heparin
basophils
combats the effects of histamine
eosinophils
increased by allergic reactions and parasitic infections
eosinophils
enter the tissue to become macrophages
monocytes
act as phagocytes when damage occurs
macrophages
indicates the proportions of specific types of WBCs int he blood and assists in diagnosis
differential count
also called platelets
thrombocytes
