Disorders Of Respiratory

Question 1

• Tonsillitis

Answer 1

Affected: tonsils lymphoid tissue back of throat

Cause/symptoms: C: Viral= cold viruses, flu, Bacterial=strep throat S:

Treatment/prognosis: T: Viral= rest hydration pain relief ibuprofen acetaminophen. Bacterial= antibiotics penicillin or amoxicillin. If recurrent surgery P: Viral= week or a few days Bacterial= also few days Complications= rare but kidney/heart issues if untreated

Question 2

• Laryngitis

Answer 2

Cause: Viral infections, overuse of voice, irritants (smoking, pollution), acid reflux, allergies.
Symptoms: Hoarseness, sore throat, dry throat, cough, loss of voice.
Treatment: Rest voice, hydrate, use a humidifier, pain relievers, avoid irritants.
Prognosis: Usually improves in 1-2 weeks; chronic cases may need medical care.

Question 3

• Bronchitis

Answer 3

Cause: Viral infections (common cold or flu), bacterial infections, smoking, air pollution.
Symptoms: Cough (with mucus), wheezing, shortness of breath, chest discomfort, fatigue.
Treatment: Rest, fluids, cough medicine, inhalers (for wheezing), antibiotics (if bacterial).
Prognosis: Acute bronchitis usually improves in 2-3 weeks; chronic bronchitis may require long-term management.

Question 4

• Pneumonia

Answer 4

Cause: Bacterial infections, viral infections, fungi, aspiration, or pneumonia from flu.
Symptoms: Cough (with mucus or blood), fever, shortness of breath, chest pain, fatigue.
Treatment: Antibiotics (bacterial), antivirals (viral), rest, fluids, oxygen therapy (severe cases).
Prognosis: Recovery depends on severity; mild cases improve in weeks, severe cases may need hospitalization

Question 5

• Pleurisy

Answer 5

Cause: Viral infections, bacterial infections, pneumonia, lung conditions (e.g., tuberculosis), injury, or autoimmune diseases.
Symptoms: Sharp chest pain (worsens with breathing or coughing), shortness of breath, dry cough.
Treatment: Pain relievers, anti-inflammatory drugs, antibiotics (if bacterial), treat underlying cause.
Prognosis: Often improves within a few weeks; chronic pleurisy may require long-term management

Question 6

• Emphysema

Answer 6

Cause: Long-term smoking, air pollution, genetic factors (alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency).
Symptoms: Shortness of breath, chronic cough, wheezing, fatigue, difficulty breathing (especially during physical activity).
Treatment: Smoking cessation, inhalers, oxygen therapy, pulmonary rehabilitation, medications.
Prognosis: Progressive disease; symptoms can be managed but not cured. Severe cases may lead to respiratory failure.

Question 7

• Cystic fibrosis

Answer 7

Cause: Genetic disorder causing thick mucus in lungs and digestive system.
Symptoms: Chronic cough, lung infections, shortness of breath, poor growth.
Treatment: Airway clearance, antibiotics, enzyme replacement, lung transplant (severe cases).
Prognosis: Progressive, with reduced life expectancy; early treatment improves quality of life.

Question 8

• Asthma

Answer 8

Cause: Allergies, respiratory infections, air pollution, exercise, or genetics.
Symptoms: Wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, coughing (especially at night or during exercise).
Treatment: Inhalers (bronchodilators, corticosteroids), avoiding triggers, long-term control medications.
Prognosis: Manageable with treatment; symptoms can improve or worsen over time.

Question 9

• Lung Cancer

Answer 9

Cause: Smoking, exposure to secondhand smoke, air pollution, asbestos, genetic factors.
Symptoms: Persistent cough, chest pain, shortness of breath, coughing up blood, weight loss, fatigue.
Treatment: Surgery, chemotherapy, radiation, targeted therapy, immunotherapy.
Prognosis: Depends on stage; early detection improves survival, but often diagnosed at later stages