disorders of renal Flashcards
acute
strep
subacute
good partian
chronic
period of years
different types of glomerulonephritis
acute nephrotic syndrome rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis nephrotic syndrome asymptomatic chronic glomerulonephritis
diffuse
all glomeruli and all parts involved
focal
some glomeruli affected, some normal
segmental
certain segment of glomeruli
acute nephrotic syndrome
diffuse (all parts)
inflammatory response
rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis
focal and segmental
immunological disorder
asymptomatic disorder of urinary sediment
combo of hematuria, proteinuria, low GFR
IgA nephropathy
autoimmune = leads to renal failure
leads to inflammation b/c complexes are deposited
alport syndrome
hereditary defect = leads to renal failure
chronic glomerulonephritis
discovered late when symp of renal insufficiency appear
slow progressive
nephrotic syndrome
not disease
several clinical findings resulting from increased glomerular permeability to plasma proteins
why hyperlipidemia in nephrotic?
increased liver synthesis of VLDL and/or decreased catabolism of VLDL and/or LDL
drugs that cause kidney damage
radiocontrast agents cyclosporine epinephrine dopamine ACE inhibitor antibiotics chemotherapy
pre renal
most common form of ARF - before kidney
due to decreased renal perfusion i.e. hemorrhage, carcinogenic shock, severe buns, open heart surgery
intrarenal
injury to tubules, interstitial or glomerular
post renal
obstruction to urine outflow
prostate enlargement- most common
ATN
characterized by destruction of tubular epithelial cells with impaired kidney function
exogenous nephrotoxin
rich blood supply & ability to concentrate toxins to make them metabolites (dangerous)
endogenous nephrotoxins
Hb, Mb, Bence Jones (myeloma- cancer)
mismatched blood transfusion
4 stages of ATN
- onset phase
- oliguric phase
- diuretic phase
- recovery phase
onset phase
first phase
time from onset of injury through cell death, hours to days
oliguric phase
second phase
8 to 14 days
further damage to tubular walls and membranes
diuretic phase
third phase
source of obstruction removed = scarring and edema
recovery phase
last phase
months to a year
fluid and electrolyte balance
intact nephron hypothesis
remaining nephrons can undergo hypertrophy to compensate