disorders of renal

Question 1

acute

Answer 1

strep

Question 2

subacute

Answer 2

good partian

Question 3

chronic

Answer 3

period of years

Question 4

different types of glomerulonephritis

Answer 4

acute nephrotic syndrome
rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis 
nephrotic syndrome
asymptomatic
chronic glomerulonephritis

Question 5

diffuse

Answer 5

all glomeruli and all parts involved

Question 6

focal

Answer 6

some glomeruli affected, some normal

Question 7

segmental

Answer 7

certain segment of glomeruli

Question 8

acute nephrotic syndrome

Answer 8

diffuse (all parts)

inflammatory response

Question 9

rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis

Answer 9

focal and segmental

immunological disorder

Question 10

asymptomatic disorder of urinary sediment

Answer 10

combo of hematuria, proteinuria, low GFR

Question 11

IgA nephropathy

Answer 11

autoimmune = leads to renal failure

leads to inflammation b/c complexes are deposited

Question 12

alport syndrome

Answer 12

hereditary defect = leads to renal failure

Question 13

chronic glomerulonephritis

Answer 13

discovered late when symp of renal insufficiency appear

slow progressive

Question 14

nephrotic syndrome

Answer 14

not disease

several clinical findings resulting from increased glomerular permeability to plasma proteins

Question 15

why hyperlipidemia in nephrotic?

Answer 15

increased liver synthesis of VLDL and/or decreased catabolism of VLDL and/or LDL

Question 16

drugs that cause kidney damage

Answer 16

radiocontrast agents
cyclosporine 
epinephrine
dopamine
ACE inhibitor 
antibiotics
chemotherapy

Question 17

pre renal

Answer 17

most common form of ARF - before kidney

due to decreased renal perfusion i.e. hemorrhage, carcinogenic shock, severe buns, open heart surgery

Question 18

intrarenal

Answer 18

injury to tubules, interstitial or glomerular

Question 19

post renal

Answer 19

obstruction to urine outflow

prostate enlargement- most common

Question 20

ATN

Answer 20

characterized by destruction of tubular epithelial cells with impaired kidney function

Question 21

exogenous nephrotoxin

Answer 21

rich blood supply & ability to concentrate toxins to make them metabolites (dangerous)

Question 22

endogenous nephrotoxins

Answer 22

Hb, Mb, Bence Jones (myeloma- cancer)

mismatched blood transfusion

Question 23

4 stages of ATN

Answer 23

1. onset phase
2. oliguric phase
3. diuretic phase
4. recovery phase

Question 24

onset phase

Answer 24

first phase

time from onset of injury through cell death, hours to days

Question 25

oliguric phase

Answer 25

second phase
8 to 14 days
further damage to tubular walls and membranes

Question 26

diuretic phase

Answer 26

third phase

source of obstruction removed = scarring and edema

Question 27

recovery phase

Answer 27

last phase
months to a year
fluid and electrolyte balance

Question 28

intact nephron hypothesis

Answer 28

remaining nephrons can undergo hypertrophy to compensate