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Diagnostic Sciences > Disorders of male repro and urinary > Flashcards

Disorders of male repro and urinary Flashcards

1
Q

What questions would you ask when discussing a patient’s sexual Hx?

A
  • level of activity
  • orientation
  • relationship difficulties
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2
Q

What is the normal range for fasting blood glucose?

A

3.0 to 5.5 mmol/L

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3
Q

What conditions can cause hyperglycaemia?

A
  • diabetes mellitus
  • Cushing’s disease
  • acute emotional /physical stress
  • pheochromocytoma
  • pituitary adenoma
  • acute/chronic pancreatitis
  • brain trauma, haemorrhage or CVA
  • chronic liver disease
  • chronic renal disease
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4
Q

What conditions can cause hypoglycaemia?

A
  • insuline or sulphonylurea overdose
  • pancreatic islet cell adenoma
  • extra pancreatic tumours (lung carcinoma)
  • Addison’s disease
  • Hypopituitarism
  • Hypothyroidism
  • starvation
  • liver damage
  • enzyme deficiency (glucose-6-phosphate)
  • reactive hypoglycaemia after high carb meal
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5
Q

What are the uses of Thyroid function tests? Why measure TSH and T3&4?

A
  • determine the activity of the thyroid gland
  • goitre does not indicate whether thyroid hormone output is normal
  • TSH helps tell if source is pituitary or thyroid problem
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6
Q

What measurements may be included in thyroid function tests?

A
  • TSH
  • total thyroxine
  • free thyroxine
  • thyroxine-binding globulin

also:
• thyrotropin releasing hormone test
• TSH stimulation test
• LATS

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7
Q

What thyroid function test results indicate hyperthyroidism due to thyroid pathology?

A

low TSH

high free T4

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8
Q

What thyroid function test results indicate hypothyroidism due to pituitary pathology?

A

low TSH

low free T4

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9
Q

What thyroid function test results indicate hyperthyroidism due to pituitary pathology?

A

high TSH

high free T4

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10
Q

What thyroid function test results indicate hypothyroidism due to thyroid pathology?

A

high TSH

low free T4

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11
Q

What male repro problems are in mind when presented with a male patient, young vs old?

A

Young: testicular carcinomas

Old: prostatic hypertrophy

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12
Q

What is the significance of a patient with a single location of joint pain?

A
  • less likely generalised arthritis

* rheumatoid is more than 1 joint

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13
Q

What are the causes of a 52 year old man’s difficulty urinating, poor urinary stream and terminal dribbling?

A
  • benign prostatic hypertrophy

* prostatic carcinoma

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14
Q

What are the causes of haematuria? (male and female)

A
  • trauma
  • infection (pyelonephritis, glomerulonephritis)
  • tumour in urinary tract
  • calculi
  • generalized bleeding tendency
  • Kidney (papillary necrosis, polycystic disease, infarction, renal vein thrombosis)
  • prostatic disease
  • sickle cell anaemia
  • bladder or kidney carcinoma
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15
Q

What are the common causes of dysuria? (male and female)

A
  • cystitis
  • other UTIs (pyelonephritis)
  • prostatic disorders
  • urethritis
  • dysmenorrhoea
  • physiological abnormalities
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16
Q

What are less common causes of dysuria? (male and female)

A
  • opiates, motion sickness meds
  • increased concentration of acid in urine
  • prolapsed uterus
  • urethral stricture
  • chemical irritation
17
Q

What disorders may cause both lower back pain and urinary problems? (in a male)

A
  • prostate carcinoma

* bladder carcinoma

18
Q

Compare the body temperature in a patient with infection vs neoplasm?

A
  • infection - high fever

* neoplasm -slight fever

19
Q

What is a normal heart sound?

A

dual sounds

no extra sounds

20
Q

What are the consequences of smoking?

A
  • atherosclerosis (hypertension, stroke, AAA, peripheral vascular disease)
  • COPD (chronic bronchitis, emphysema)
    • incidence of malignancies (bladder carcinoma, oesophageal)
21
Q

What is PSA?

A 
• Prostatic Specific Antigen
• causes of elevated PSA:
   -prostate carcinoma
   -increases with age
   -BPH
   -UTI
   -prostatitis
   -prostate injury
   -surgery
   -ejaculation
   -high PTh
22
Q

What investigations can you do for suspected prostate disease?

A
  • PSA
  • MRI
  • biopsy
  • X-ray for mets
  • CT for lung carcinoma
  • DEXA scan

Diagnostic Sciences (7 decks)

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