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Head and Neck > Disorders of larynx > Flashcards

Disorders of larynx Flashcards

1
Q

What is the clinical signifiance of the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve being close to the superior thyroid artery?

A

May be injured in thyroid surgery

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2
Q

What is the sign of damage to external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve?

A

Hoarseness of voice

especially when attempting high pitched sounds

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3
Q

What is the clinical significance of the recurrent laryngeal artery being close to the inferior thyroid artery?

A

May be injured in thyroid surgery

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4
Q

What is the clinical signifiance of the recurrent laryngeal artery looping under the arch of the aorta?

A

May be damaged by aortic arch aneurysms

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5
Q

What is the clincal significance of the recurrent laryngeal artery being close to the apex of lung?

A

May be damaged by cancer in apex of lung

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6
Q

What are some benign causes of a hoarse voice?

A

Infection

Inflammation

Singer’s nodules

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7
Q

What are some concerning causes of a hoarse voice?

A

Damage to recurrent laryngeal nerve, external branch of superior laryngeal nerve
due to pathology in nearby structures, or pathology in larynx

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8
Q

What does damage to the recurrent laryngeal nerve cause?

A

Vocal cord palsy

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9
Q

What is the position of the vocal cord in a vocal cord palsy?

A

Paramedial position

so between abducted and adducted

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11
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of a unilateral vocal cord palsy?

A

Hoarse voice

Ineffective cough

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12
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of a bilateral vocal cord palsy?

A

Hoarse voice

Ineffective cough

Stridor

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13
Q

Why does a bilateral vocal cord palsy cause stridor but a unilateral vocal cord palsy doesn’t?

A

Bilateral vocal cord palsy
both vocal cords in paramedian position
narrow rima glottidis
significant airway obstruction

With unilateral vocal cord palsy rima glottidis has sufficient diameter for inspiration and expiration

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14
Q

How is a unilateral vocal cord palsy compensated for?

A

Other vocal cord crosses midline to meet non-functioning vocal cord

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15
Q

How is a bilateral vocal cord palsy managed?

A

Emergency

cricothyroidotomy or tracheatomy

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16
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of carcinomas of the larynx?

A

Hoarseness of voice

Ineffective cough

Stridor

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16
Q

How does the location of the carcinoma in the larynx affect prognosis? Why?

A

Glottis region has better prognosis
because poorer lymphatic drainage, so less likely to spread

Supra- and infra-glottis have worse prognosis
drain to pre-tracheal and neck lymph nodes

Head and Neck (11 decks)

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