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Head and Neck > Development of face > Flashcards

Development of face Flashcards

1
Q

What is the face of the embryo made up of early in development?

A

Frontonasal prominence

1st pharyngeal arch

  • maxillary prominence
  • mandibular mandibular prominence

Stomatodeum

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2
Q

What is the stomatodeum?

A

Buccopharyngeal membrane

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3
Q

What happens to the buccopharyngeal membrane? Why?

A

Breaks down

because it is avascular, lacks blood supply

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4
Q

Where are the eyes located on the face of the embryo early in development?

A

Sides of the frontonasal prominence

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5
Q

What does the frontonasal prominence develop into?

A

Forehead

Bridge of nose, nose

Philtrum

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6
Q

What is the philtrum?

A

Ridge above the upper lip in the middle

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7
Q

What do the maxillary prominences develop into?

A

Cheeks

Lateral upper lip

Lateral upper jaw

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8
Q

What do the mandibular prominences develop into?

A

Lower lip

Jaw

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9
Q

What structures contribute to the development of the nose?

A

Nasal placodes, pits

Medial nasal prominence

Lateral nasal prominence

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10
Q

What is a placode?

A

Ectodermal thickening

differentiates to give rise to sensory tissue

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11
Q

What happens to the nasal placodes?

A

Sinks to form pits called the nasal pits

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12
Q

Where are the nasal placodes and pit located?

A

Frontonasal prominence

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13
Q

What is the medial nasal prominence?

A

Prominence medial to the nasal pit

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14
Q

What is the lateral nasal prominence?

A

Prominence lateral to the nasal pit

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15
Q

How does the nose develop?

A

Maxillary prominences grow towards each other
push the medial and lateral nasal prominences with them
medial nasal prominences fuse in midline
medial nasal prominence fuses with maxillary prominence

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16
Q

What does fusion of the medial nasal prominences form?

A

Intermaxillary segment

17
Q

What is the intermaxillary segment made up of?

A

Philtrum

Upper jaw

Primary palate

18
Q

How are the nasal and oral cavities initially related to each other during development?

A

Are continuous with each other

19
Q

What happens to the initial relationship between the nasal and oral cavities during development?

A

They are completely separated

by the secondary palate

20
Q

How does the secondary palate form?

A

Maxillary prominence gives off two palatal shelves
these grow vertically downwards on each side of tongue

tongue drops
the palatal shelves then grow towards each other
fuse in midline

21
Q

Why does the tongue drop during development?

A

Mandible grows larger

increases space in oral cavity

22
Q

What happens to the nasal cavity during development?

A

Separates into right and left nasal cavities

23
Q

How is the nasal cavity separated into right and left nasal cavities during development?

A

Nasal septum in midline
grows downwards
fuses with palatal shelves

24
Q

What is a cleft lip?

A

Opening in upper lip that may extend into nose

25
Q

How does a cleft lip form?

A

Failure of fusion of medial nasal prominence and maxillary prominence

26
Q

What is a cleft palate?

A

Opening in palate into the nose

27
Q

How does a cleft lip and palate form?

A

Failure of fusion of medial nasal prominence and maxillary prominence
failure of fusion of palatal shelves

28
Q

Where are the ears of the embryo initially located early in development?

A

Neck

29
Q

What causes the ears to migrate from the embryonic neck to their normal position?

A

Growth of mandible

30
Q

What is foetal alcohol syndrome?

A

Group of conditions that occur in person whose mother consumed significant amounts of alcohol during pregnancy

31
Q

Why does alcohol affect the developing embryo/foetus?

A

Freely crosses placenta
affects migration of neural crest cells
development of brain

32
Q

How does foetal alcohol syndrome affect the developing face? Why?

A

Affects the facial skeleton

because this is derived from neural crest cells migrating into the pharyngeal arches

33
Q

What are the characteristic facial features of somebody with foetal alcohol syndrome have?

A

Small head

Flat midface

Smooth philtrum

Underdeveloped Jae

Head and Neck (11 decks)

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