Disorders of Immune System Flashcards
s/s MS
- including
fatigue,
weakness,
numbness,
difficulty in coordination (ataxia),
loss of balance,
pain, and
visual disturbances,
spasticity
Spasticity
- characterized by muscle hypertonicity with increased resistance to stretch
Major goal of MS and what to avoid
Minimizing spasticity and contractures- daily exercises for muscle stretching are prescribed to minimize contractures
Avoid hot baths because of risk for burn injury secondary to sensory loss and elevates body temp which may increase symptoms
Exposure to cold is avoided as this can increase spasticity
MS- med of choice for treating spasticity
Baclofen- muscle relaxant
location of damage- MG
myoneural junction
Diagnostic test- MG
Tensilon test- acetylcholinesterase inhibitor test
+ test –> Immediate improvement in muscle strength after admin of agent represents a positive test- confirms diagnosis
severe s/s- MG
affects breathing and limb movement
explain therapeutic plasma exchange (plasmapheresis) -MG and GBS
used to tx exacerbations
Pt’s plasma and plasma components are removed through a centrally placed large-bore double lumen catheter
Blood cells and antibody containing plasma are separated;
plasma and cells are reinfused
MG- optimal outcomes of thymectomy
pts younger than 60 years with MG diagnosis at least 3 years
what to avoid- Myasthenic and cholinergic crisis
sedatives and tranquilizers- increases progression
Drug used for long term tx of MG - results of drug
increase
relax
decrease
Neostigmine- anti-cholinesterase med
improved skeletal muscle tone and strength ;
increase in tone of GI smooth muscle;
increase salivary gland production;
increase tone and contractility of bladder muscles
relaxes bronchial muscles; ;
decreased HR
target location- GBS
peripheral nerve myelin
GBS most often follows what- ex
viral infection
Cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, H. Influenzae, Zika virus
s/s GBS
Muscle weakness and diminished reflexes of the lower extremities
Hyporeflexia and weakness may progress to tetraplegia
Demyelination of the muscles of diaphragm and intercostal muscles may lead to respiratory failure
ataxia
aflexia
ascending weakness- toes to nose
diagnostic findings- GBS
Pt presents with symmetric weakness, diminished reflexes, and upward progression of motor weakness
History of viral illness in previous few weeks suggests diagnosis
