Disorders of Growth and Cancer - Part 1 Flashcards
1
Q
What is agenesis?
A
- Absence of an organ
2
Q
What is aplasia?
A
- Absence of tissue
3
Q
What is hypoplasia?
A
- Incomplete development of an organ
4
Q
What are dysraphic abnormalities?
A
- Abnormality of the spinal cord
5
Q
What is involution failure?
A
- Persistent thyroglossal duct
6
Q
What is atresia?
A
- Failure to form a lumen
7
Q
What is dysplasia?
A
- Disorderly tissue architecture
- Presence of abnormal cells within a tissue
8
Q
What is heterotopia/ectopia?
A
- Tissues in the wrong place
9
Q
What are hamartomas?
A
- Arise during embryonic development and are a disordered aggregate of tissues
10
Q
What is spina bifida?
A
- Defect of neural tube wherein a portion fails to develop or close properly
- Symptoms include muscle weakness or paralysis, bowel and bladder problems, seizures, orthopaedic problems such as deformed feet, uneven hips or scoliosis, and hydrocehpalus
11
Q
What is hypertrophy?
A
- Increased cellular size without more cells, can be caused by increased functional demand and hormonal stimulation
12
Q
What is atrophy?
A
- A diminuation or ‘wasting away’ of a tissue and can be physiological or pathological
- Causes include autophagy, cell death, disuse, sarcopenia of ageing, nutrition, decreased trophic stimuli and chronic injury
13
Q
What is metaplasia?
A
- Replacement of one differentiated tissue type by another in response to an environmental stimulus
14
Q
What is homeostasis?
A
- Normal cells in a steady state
15
Q
What is diverticulum?
A
- Circumscribed pouch/sac caused by herniation of lining mucosa of an organ through defect in muscular coat
