Disorders of Childhood and Adolescence Flashcards
Childhood Disorders
- Anxiety and Mood Disorders
- Disruptive and Conduct Disorders –Oppositional Defiant Disorder –Conduct Disorder
- Neurodevelopmental Disorders-onset in early development –ADHD –Autism Spectrum Disorders –Motor Disorders –Intellectual Disabilities
Mental health Problems in Children Rates
- 20% of 13-18yrs have a mental disorder
- 11% mood disorder
- 10% behavior conduct disorder
- 8% anxiety disorder
**most onset by 14yrs-24yrs
Separation Anxiety Disorder
- displayed by 4 to 10% of all children
- Extreme anxiety, often panic, whenever they are separated from home or a parent
**lasts more than 6months, significant distress or impairment, & developmentally inappropriate
Selective Mutism (1-2%)
- only talk to anyone that isn’t close to them ( may whisper when anxious)
- interference w/education, occupational or social communication
- lasts for more than 1 month (not just 1st month of school)
- not due to lack of knowledge or ability
- some kids outgrow it, others develop social phobia
**parental contribution: OVERPROTECTION ANXIOUS MODELING
DISRUPTIVE MOOD DYSREGUALTION DISORDER (DMDD)
**THREE out of 5 symptoms to meet DSM5 criteria
- Persistent irritability, anger, temper tantrums (verbal or behavioral)
- Outbursts occur 3x +/week for ONE YEAR
- persistent irritable mood is displayed between outbursts
- Symptoms are displayed in at least 2 settings (home, school or w/peers)
- Individual is between 6-18yrs of age
- response to over diagnosis of pediatric bipolar disorder
DISRUPTIVE BEHAVIORAL DISORDERS
- Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD)
- Conduct Disorder (CD)
- early onset before age 10
- Prevalance 6-16%
- boys 29: 1 girls
oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD)
Need 3 out of 4 of these
(negative, hostile, angry or defiant behaviors that are less severe than those with conduct disorder-in settings aside from home) About 30% develop Conduct disorder
Conduct disorder
- (continuous and repeated pattern of violating the basic rights of others or breaking societal rules with aggression toward people or animals, destruction of property, deceitfulness or theft, and serious rule violations)
- Among early onset cases about 25-40% have Increased risk of Antisocial personality disorder as adults
- CD largely predicted behavioral outcomes, whereas ODD showed stronger prediction to emotional disorders in early adult life.
**precursor for ANTISOCIAL PERSONALITY DISORDER
Causes for ODD/CD
Possible Contributory causes:
- genetic predisposition; difficult temperament
- mild neuropsychological problems w/low IQ (deficits in attention, planning & self-control)
- Child abuse, low SES, and difficult neighborhood context
- family patterns-ineffective parenting, poor attachment, rejection, harsh and inconsistent discipline, neglect
- peer relationships; social rejection
Treatment of ODD and Conduct disorder
Behavioral (parent management training, classroom modification, social skills training, and summer programs)
- rewarding prosocial behaviors
- effective commands: decrease punishment
– decrease hostile attributions
– differential attention to positive behaviors
– time out
– token systems
Medication
- Unsuccessful when used alone
- SSRIs for depression
- Atypical antipsychotic (Risperidone reduce symptoms of aggression)
Neurodevelopmental Disorders
neurodevelopmental disorders are a group of disabilities in the functioning of the brain that emerge at birth or during very early childhood and affect the individual’s behavior, memory, concentration, and/or ability to learn.
Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- Childhood disorder characterized by inattentiveness, hyperactivity, and impulsivity
- Diagnosed in early elementary school
Attention symptoms (6 or more)
- often fails to give close attention to details or makes careless mistakes in schoolwork, work, or other activities
- often has difficulty sustaining attention in tasks or play activities
- often does not seem to listen when spoken to directly
- often does not follow through on instructions and fails to finish schoolwork, chores, or duties in the workplace (not due to oppositional behavior or failure of comprehension)
- often has difficulty organizing tasks and activities
- often avoids, dislikes, or is reluctant to engage in tasks that require sustained mental effort (such as schoolwork or homework)
- often loses things necessary for tasks or activities at school or at home (e.g. toys, pencils, books, assignments)
- is often easily distracted by extraneous stimuli
- if often forgetful in daily activities
6 or more of Hyperactivity/Impulsivity
Hyperactivity
- often fidgets with hands or feet or squirms in seat
- often leaves seat in classroom or in other situations in which remaining seated is expected
- often runs about or climbs excessively in situations in which it is inappropriate (in adolescents or adults, may be limited to subjective feelings of restlessness)
- often has difficulty playing or engaging in leisure activities quietly
- often talks excessively
- is often ‘on the go’ or often acts as if ‘driven by a motor’
Impulsivity
- often has difficulty awaiting turn in games or group situations
- often blurts out answers to questions before they have been completed
- often interrupts or intrudes on others, e.g. butts into other children’s games
• Impairment
